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改善海域生态 恢复环岛景观

2017-09-04 07:16:52   中国青年网

福建的发展与海洋密切相关,厦门更是依海而存、因海而兴,以海为美,海域面积约390平方公里,海岸线长约226公里。“城在海上,海在城中”,厦门也被誉为“海上花园城市”。但在上世纪50年代到90年代,大规模围填海使得厦门海域面积不断缩小,海洋水动力持续减弱,淤积不断增加,严重影响港口航运和滨海旅游业发展,同时直接威胁到厦门赖以生存和发展的海洋生态环境。

为改善厦门海域生态环境,恢复海洋资源,美化海洋景观,厦门从上世纪90年代开始全面实施海堤开口、海域清淤、沙滩恢复、湿地重构、物种保护及海岛修复等一系列海洋生态修复工程,实施海岸带综合管理。这些措施改善了厦门海域的生态环境,维持了海域生态平衡,恢复了海洋资源,美化了海洋景观,使港口航运、滨海旅游业、临海工业及海洋新兴产业得到蓬勃发展,推动了厦门的海洋经济科学发展和跨越发展,初步形成人与海域和谐发展的新局面。

厦门的各大海堤对民生、经济发展起到了重大作用,但也阻碍了海堤内、外的水体交换和流通。为此,近年来厦门将大部分海堤拆除或开口,基本恢复了环厦门岛海流。同时,全市退垦还海面积超过12平方公里,可增加纳潮量约5500万立方米,扩大了全市海域环境容量,增强了水动力条件。

同时,大规模的海岸带综合管理还为厦门市环湾发展创造了良好条件。五缘湾综合工程,使五缘湾片区保留了2平方公里的海域,增加了500多万立方米纳潮量和3平方公里建设土地,形成了8公里长的优质滨海岸线及89万平方米的淡水湿地公园,成为集水景、温泉、植被、湿地、海湾、沙滩、游艇帆船等多种自然景观和资源于一体的风景湾区,为五缘湾片区可持续发展提供了有利条件。杏林湾综合整治工程,则以园博苑建设和集杏海堤开口改造为重点,打造出3.03平方公里陆域、3.73平方公里水域、26公里的环湾风景带,呈现出一幅“曲径通幽,小中见大,虽由人作,宛自天开”的生态景观效果。

近年来,厦门市海洋生态修复工程不断提升,加快了用海结构调整,优化了用海方式,促进了产业结构调整。港口航运、滨海旅游业及海洋高新产业蓬勃发展,占海洋经济增加值比重达60%以上;海洋产业结构也更加优化,海洋第三产业占比已达约70%;海洋资源集约节约程度进一步提高,海域产出达每平方公里1.28亿元,为福建省平均水平20倍以上,全国平均水平40倍以上。

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