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编者按
进入新世纪以来,通识教育在大学受到越来越高的重视,《国家教育事业发展“十三五”规划》也提出“探索通识教育和专业教育相结合的人才培养方式,推行模块化通识教育”。中国的通识教育之路怎么走?近日,在北京大学举行的第三届(2017年)大学通识教育联盟年会上,北京大学校长林建华、清华大学校长邱勇、复旦大学校长许宁生、中山大学校长罗俊、武汉大学副校长周叶中、重庆大学副校长廖瑞金等对此展开了讨论和分析。
林建华:通识教育的重要性应该着眼于未来,要避免功利性。
通识教育着眼培养未来人才
林建华:从我个人的理解来看,中国的教育改革或者本科教育改革任务很重,我们要考虑一个问题,我们是不是为学生提供了最好的教育,是不是把所有的精力放在学生身上,关注学生更好地学习和成长,这是需要我们深刻反思的。我们要用所有的资源、所有的能力来为学生的未来发展提供更好的校园体验,为未来做准备。中国大学教育传统上以专业教育为主,专业教育非常强,但要想为未来做好准备的话,除了专业之外,作为一个社会的人,未来需要迎接社会各种各样的挑战,要在社会很好地生存和发展,需要通识教育。因此,我们应该坚持通识教育和专业教育相结合的道路,这也是培养优秀人才非常重要的道路。
邱勇:要把通识教育和整个教育教学改革结合在一起来考虑。
邱勇:清华历史上的老校长梅贻琦在就任清华校长十年后,于1941年写了一篇文章《大学一解》,明确提出通专兼顾,但通识为本,专识为末。1944年,梁思成先生在清华做演讲,演讲的题目叫“半个人的人时代”,他提出,文理分家会导致人的片面发展,只有技术没有人文思想的是空心人,只有人文素养而没有现实技术的是边缘人。1952年,清华成为工科学校,专业教育占主导地位,在这种情况下,蒋南翔校长提出“又红又专,全面民展”。这些全面发展的教育思想,对清华很多学生的成长产生了深远的影响。我认为,通识教育是一种理念,但在当下它也是一种实践,是清华教育教学改革的关键点和着力点,要把它和整个教育教学改革结合在一起来考虑。
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