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岩体里“种”钢筋锚紧大山

2017-09-03 05:10:49   中国青年网

8月25日,京张高铁重点工程八达岭长城站左到发线顺利贯通。昨天,记者走进这座壮观的“地下城”,亲眼目睹地下102米深处的火热攻坚战。

八达岭长城站是京张高铁唯一一座地下车站,下穿长城,最大埋深102米,以“四个最”名震海内外——目前国内埋深最大、暗挖洞群最复杂、旅客提升高度最大的地下高铁车站及单拱跨度最大的暗挖铁路隧道。该项目由中铁五局集团四公司京张高铁3标项目部承建。在建的八达岭隧道长达12.01公里,八达岭长城站只占其中的470米,但其单体总建筑面积却超过了4万平方米,90%在地下。地下102米的深处,占地相当于6个足球场大的八达岭长城站,100多名参建员工,70多台(套)挖、装、喷、运设备正夜以继日地紧张施工。

“拐错了,这是7号分通道,8号分通道应该往右拐。”一进八达岭隧道2号斜井工地,整个人立刻被混合着硫磺硝烟和泥灰粉尘味道的“尘雾”裹了个严实。没走几步,记者就迷路了。

巨大的工地犹如一个迷宫,一条主通道旁,各个分通道四通八达,要不留心通道口的路牌,一时半会儿真闹不清自己身在何处。“没事,丢不了,咱们的安全帽里都有芯片。”在巨大的机器轰鸣声中,八达岭长城站工地技术员赵勇敲着头上的安全帽,扯着嗓子提醒记者。京张3标项目部副经理代龙震介绍,八达岭长城站内设计各类洞室78个,断面型式达88种,交叉节点密集,结构复杂,陌生人进来,迷路是正常的。

刚刚贯通的左到发线,就位于众多通道中的8号分通道。到发线,是用于接发旅客列车与货物列车的线路,也就是靠近站台的股道。除了左到发线,站内还有右到发线和中间的行车线。三条线路将各有一个隧道,也就是三拱相连。因为洞室紧邻,各洞室间开挖爆破相互影响大,易导致相邻洞室围岩松动掉块、支护变形、衬砌开裂等问题。所以,虽然左到发线贯通了,但接下来的右到发线,尤其是中间的行车线才是最大的难点。因为3条隧道相隔太近,最近距离仅2米、最远距离也只有7米,中间的行车线要待左右到发线二衬施工完成后再行施工,保证小间距洞室施工安全。“正因为洞室多,施工易影响围岩的稳定性,爆破贯通的难度极大。左到发线的贯通,为长城下的爆破施工和洞室施工提供了非常宝贵的经验。”代龙震说。

隧道的密集是工程要求带来的挑战,而车站通过花岗杂岩地层,岩性种类多,成分变化大,特别是软弱的五级围岩多,这些自然条件更让施工人员头疼不已。“五级围岩就是在水豆腐上打隧道,一碰塌一片。”现场工人这样形容。

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