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金砖国家的合作机制及特点

2017-09-03 04:50:49   中国青年网

金砖国家包括中国、俄罗斯、印度、巴西、南非5个国家。自2006年首次外长会晤以来,金砖国家合作已走过11个年头。

金砖国家由来及合作机制

“金砖国家”最初是指巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国四个成长前景看好的新兴市场国家。

2006年9月,巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国四国外长在联合国大会期间举行首次外长会晤,此后每年依例举行。由于四国英文首字母组成的“BRIC”一词,其发音与英文的“砖(Brick)”十分相似,故被称为“金砖四国”。

2008年9月国际金融危机爆发后,为应对金融危机,2009年6月,“金砖四国”领导人在俄罗斯举行首次正式会晤。金砖国家间的合作机制正式启动。

金砖国家领导人会晤机制的建立,为金砖国家之间的合作与发展提供了政治指引和强大动力。2010年12月,南非正式加入金砖国家后,这一合作机制由最初的“金砖四国”变为“金砖五国”。

近年来,金砖国家合作机制不断完善,形成了以领导人会晤为引领,以安全事务高级代表会议、外长会晤等部长会议为支撑,在多层次、多领域开展务实合作的机制,是新兴市场和发展中国家在经济、金融和发展领域交流与对话的重要平台。

金砖国家资源禀赋及合作特点

金砖国家均是新兴市场国家,分处四大洲、地跨南北半球,具有独特地理优势,虽国情不同、文化各异,但在许多国际和地区问题上有着相同或相似看法,国土面积占世界领土面积29.6%,人口占世界总人口的42.6%。

金砖国家禀赋各异,发展模式不尽相同,这给五国拓展合作提供了广阔空间。五国的市场、资源、技术、资金、劳动力等要素相结合并辐射到外部,将成为世界经济新的“增长源”,也将带动全球政治、经济、贸易和金融多极化发展。

同时,金砖国家的共同特征是金融市场不太成熟,应对外部金融冲击的能力相对不足。这促使金砖国家携手合作,发挥日益增强的经济力量,获得与之相匹配的国际金融话语权。

近年来,金砖国家利用各成员国在资源禀赋、产业结构上的互补性优势,广泛拓展合作领域,形成了多领域、多层次、全方位合作格局。如今,金砖国家已经建立60多项合作机制,涵盖经贸、金融、农业、教育、科技、文化、智库等多个领域。其中,金融合作的内容最为丰富。

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