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【专家谈】金砖十年,成就几何?

2017-09-02 18:20:48   中国青年网

自2009年金砖国家合作机制正式启动以来,金砖国家合作从无到有,从虚到实,合作机制不断完善,合作范围也不断扩大。

2013年德班峰会上提出的金砖国家开发银行和应急储备安排是金砖合作落地的两大重要成果。2015年《金砖国家应急储备安排中央银行间协议》正式签署,确定了操作的技术细节,《金砖国家应急储备安排条约》也顺利完成各国内部核准程序并正式生效。金砖国家应急储备安排初始规模1000亿美元,其中中国承诺出资410亿美元,巴西、印度和俄罗斯各180亿美元,南非50亿美元。金砖新开发银行是金砖合作建立的第一个实体机构,2014年正式成立,开业两年后已逐步确立细分化、本土化、均衡化、市场化发展路径。2016年,金砖银行成功发行30亿元人民币绿色债券,并积极探索在其他金砖国家资本市场融资,还将计划在2017年下半年离岸发行50亿印度卢比债券。2016年首次批准了总额15亿美元的7个项目,主要支持绿色可再生能源发展。未来5年,银行60%以上的资金将投向清洁能源、可持续交通、水利设施和卫生设施、可持续城镇化、成员国互联互通等领域。

经贸合作方面,金砖各国存在互补性和多样性。目前贸易和投资领域的合作正朝着系统化、机制化和实心化的方向发展,合作的重点:一是建立电子口岸网络,将加强单一窗口和通关便利化合作;二是电子商务,建立了金砖国家电商工作组和,推动电子商务方面的规则建设;三是服务贸易,制定了金砖国家服务贸易合作路线图,明确了旅游、教育、医疗等合作重点,及与此有关的统计合作、监管协调、能力建设合作等;四是知识产权合作,制定了合作的指导原则;五是投资便利化,包括增强投资政策框架透明度、提高投资有关的行政程序效率等。

此外,可持续发展合作也成为金砖合作的新路标。2013年成立可持续发展目标开放工作组,致力于讨论联合国可持续发展议程,2016年果阿峰会上发展议题成为首要议题之一,具体合作包括几方面:

农业合作。2010年首次召开农业部长会议,决定设立四国农业信息系统,加强农业技术合作和创新,以挖掘金砖国家增进全球粮食安全的潜力,提高农业产量和生产率。合作的重点领域包括:农业信息交流、农业生产合作、农业和林业适应气候变化、绿色农业生产技术的传播与推广、农业科技创新等。近年来金砖关注了极端天气对农业生产的破坏作用,加强了在农业先进技术、设备和专业技术人才等领域的交流与合作。

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