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孩子的性格能不能改造

2017-09-02 14:55:52   中国青年网

■鲁稚

我们总是爱用自己的好恶去评判孩子,将一些原本中性的词染上褒贬色彩。比如“活泼”是好的,“内向”就不好。曾经有个家长问我,他的孩子性格内向,适不适合去美国留学,因为感觉美国人更喜欢开朗自信的孩子。我觉得很奇怪,难道内向的人就不自信,不开朗吗?外向就等于自信开朗?

很多人总是以外向和内向来评价一个人的意志品质,这其实是误解。性格不等于意志品质,一些看上去粗犷的人,内心其实脆弱,而一些看上去文弱的人,内在却很坚韧,不能以他是不是爱说话来衡量他内在力量的强弱。

我们往往并不能真正理解孩子性格的内涵。譬如说“胆大”,我儿子鲁鲁小时候很胆小,不敢游泳,不敢坐过山车,不敢在课堂上发言,不敢和老师打招呼。但是他却敢于坚持真实的自己——忘了戴红领巾敢于走进学校,挨批评就挨批评;没完成作业敢于不作假,没做完就直接承认没做完;考试敢于不按平时演练的范文写,自己临场发挥,得低分就得低分。

为什么在一些事情上他有非凡的胆量,而在另一些事情上却是如此胆怯呢?

“胆大”并不是我们理解的“什么事都敢做”。人不敢面对某件事,往往是因为不能承受其后果,所以逃避,这叫“不敢”。但有时候,我们以为他是“不敢”去做的事,实际上只是他“不愿”去做,这与勇气无关。所以,胆量问题其实涉及两个概念,一个是价值观,一个是承受力,这两者构成了“胆量”的含义。真正的“胆量”意味着作出价值判断,付诸行动,并承受后果。

所以,鲁鲁当他认为自己不能胜任游泳,因而选择放弃游泳,宁愿留在岸上被人嘲笑也不冒险下水,这恰恰说明了他的胆量。

他之所以不敢发言,不敢和老师打招呼,是对自我认识不足,对自己没有信心,怕说错,怕被拒绝,说明他这方面缺乏自信,缺乏安全感。这也正是需要我们父母包容他,帮助他成长的地方。事实上,他长大以后,自我评价提高了,自信心增强了,胆量也大了,行动上就变得落落大方。他上初中以后,在众人面前腼腆胆怯这个问题已经基本解决,高中以后在全校演讲也不发怵,现在在美国上大学,很快融入陌生环境,生活学习毫无问题,社团活动也非常积极。

所以,性格也是一个动态的概念,千万不要轻易给孩子贴标签。有些标签一旦贴上就揭不下来,成为孩子一辈子的负担。更不要想去改造孩子的性格,“改造”就意味着不满,这种否定的态度,本身就是对孩子自尊心的极大打击。而打击孩子的自尊,会损害他的自我评价,影响到他的自信自爱,反而造就扭曲人格,长远损害难以估量。

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