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高校苦练内功才能获考生青睐

2017-09-01 07:45:55   央广网

最近,合并或取消本科录取批次的消息引起舆论关注,因为这是一个与众多高校和考生利益直接相关的问题。

2014年9月,国务院发布的《关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》提出,创造条件逐步取消高校招生录取批次,2015年起在有条件的省份开展录取批次改革试点。

其实,在此之前,已有几个省份率先对合并高考录取批次进行探索。从2011年起,山西、山东和福建便已将本科二三批次合并。截至2017年,已有20多个省份取消三本录取批次。上海则更进一步,2016年就将一本、二本合并为一批录取,如今只保留本科批次和专科批次。

在改革录取批次上,许多省份都从合并本科第二和第三批次做起,因为取消三本是最容易的一步,也是应该先走的一步。由于二三本的划分,涉及公办与民办本科高校的划分,被一些人看成是对民办高校的歧视政策,将公办与民办人为地划分为两个等级。

三本划线在多数省份已退出历史舞台,将给一些原来的三本院校提供更大的招生空间,相应地也便于考生做更多选择,或许也有助于淡化学历歧视现象,这是合并本科二三批次的好处。不过,我们也应该看到,因为体制的原因,目前民办和公办高校收费差别较大,之前的批次划分也是事出有因的。

从2011年就开始合并二三本的省份,前几年很自然地逐渐增加了一本的高校数。因为原来的一本高校数量很少,而合并后的二本高校体量很大,原来在二本前端的高校纷纷要求提升到一本分数线去。于是,每年都会增加一些一本的高校,一本高校数逐年增加。

上海能够率先走到完全合并本科录取批次,今年只定出自主招生控制分数线501分,本科录取控制分数线402分,除了因为上海是高考改革的试点省份以外,还与其招生规模相对较小有关。浙江也实行了新高考综合改革,取消了本科录取批次,但还是划出了第一、第二、第三段分数线,分别为577分、480分、359分。因为浙江考生数量较大,划出三段分数线便于区分录取。

原来划分本科一二三批次的弊端饱受人们诟病,因为批次被赋予了对高校进行分层评价的功能,被人们看成是高校优劣等级显性标志。不过,另一方面,我们也应该看到,原来分批次也并非决然不好,因为分批次录取便于操作,便于考生和家长选择判断,它是在长期的高考录取实践中逐渐形成的。

在以往本科分批次录取模式下,也不完全是一本二本三本界限分明的。真正办学质量高、口碑好、就业前景好的高校和专业,往往能录取到前一批次的高分考生。而在二本的一些高校,报名上线考生不足计划录取人数,也只好降到三本的分数段去录取,一些三本高校不得不降分到专科批次分数段去录取。率先合并二三本的省份,有些新提到一本录取的高校的一些专业,实际上也要降到二本线去录取,否则就完不成招生计划。

因此,不要以为合并本科录取批次后,原来的二三本高校就可以立马得到更好的生源了。大学总是分层的,大学的声望或口碑是在长期的办学实践中逐渐形成的。考生和家长的志愿选择,也不会随着录取批次的取消就不朝名牌大学努力,多数人也还是理性选择学校和专业。

实际上,在填报高考志愿的时候,考生和家长最看重的还是高校和专业,也就是高校的水平和知名度。因此,合并本科录取批次后,高校要真正获得考生的青睐,还是要靠苦练内功,切实提升自己的实力和水平。(作者刘海峰,为国家教育咨询委员会委员、厦门大学考试研究中心主任)

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