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少儿阅读需分级引导

2017-08-31 07:05:41   央广网

日前,在第七届江苏书展上,江浙沪京全民阅读办共同发布《中国分级阅读苏州宣言》,倡导“全民阅读,儿童优先;儿童阅读,科学引领;分级标准,合力打造”。

这个宣言非常好,很接地气。子女教育是每个家庭的重头戏,其中阅读又被大部分家长所看重。恐怕没有哪个爸妈不愿意看到自己的孩子时不时地捧本书看、反而希望孩子成天玩手机。所谓耕读传家,阅读是要代代相承的,这是中国人的传统。

《汉书·韦贤传》记载,西汉丞相韦贤教子有方,4个儿子都挺有出息,尤其是少子韦玄成,后来以才华及为人位至丞相,自此民间开始流传一句谚语,“遗子黄金满籝,不如一经”。

如果在儿童阶段就养成阅读的习惯、爱好,那么对于孩子一生的成长都是大有裨益的。但若没有基于儿童成长规律的科学思想、技术和方法加以指导,那么儿童阅读就会迷失方向。

也就是说一开始,家长、社会乃至政府必须引导好,为孩子供书、供好书;帮孩子选书、选好书。这里说的好书,是指适合儿童的书,而且是适合不同性格、不同禀赋的儿童的书,有助于帮助他们形成正确的价值观、人生观和世界观的书。

因此,分级阅读很有必要。分级阅读主要是针对儿童不同年龄段身体、智力、知识和状态提出的概念,是因材施教在阅读中的体现,直观上看,就是一份不断变动的书单。

那么,这份动态书单应该遵循什么标准?由谁来确定?怎么确定?

首先,分级阅读的标准,不是一家所能定下来的,需要各方合力。从供给侧来说,教育出版界首当其冲,需要根据少儿不同发展阶段出版不同类型的文本。

过去我们不太看重少儿阅读的分级问题,3岁和6岁的都看《百家姓》,5岁和8岁的都看《三字经》。事实上,实证研究显示,一个孩子在6岁和7岁可以有截然不同的性格、偏好以及阅读需求。所以,0到3岁该看什么,4到7岁该看什么,都需要研究。

在广泛调查研究的基础之上,才能划定一个大体的范围、方向。这一块,国外有比较深入系统的研究,国内需要加快赶上。在网上也有不少儿童分级阅读的指导文章,微信上一些教育类公号也有这方面的内容,不过失之于零散,并且不够权威。

其次,分级阅读当前主要是由家庭、学校来实施的,而家长、老师在推荐阅读书目时,多是来自自己的经验、工作中的实践,所选内容可能不是孩子最感兴趣的。如果说有一种冷,叫做“我妈妈觉得我冷”,那么就有一种书,叫做“我妈妈觉得我爱看的书”。

这其中有一个热点话题,多年来争论不休,就是少儿读经的问题,小小少年,懵懵懂懂地读着《大学》《中庸》,好不好呢?

从分级阅读建立标准的角度来看,是好事,起码有个标准,一把尺子量天下。不过,如果都去读经,那就不用讨论分级的问题了,反正古代经典够读的了。

古籍经典完全可以作为儿童阅读的一部分内容,但还需要作出更细致的安排。也就是说,分级阅读不光是动态的,还得是系统性的。毕竟所谓的经书,当初写作的时候,并不是针对少年儿童的,并没有考虑孩子的内心需求。诚然,可以让一部分早慧的孩子具备良好的传统文化修养,但是对于对此不感冒的孩子来说,读经就是浪费时间,还是得需要各种阅读文本配合着来。

综上所述,少儿分级阅读目前缺乏一个简明易行、可得性高的标准,而在建立这个标准的过程中,有两点需要考虑,一个是基于少儿成长阶段的动态变化,一个是不同文本的系统配合。如果能实现这一纵一横两方面要求,那么可以说少儿分级阅读标准的框架就搭起来了。

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