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天气降温感冒频发 大人孩子很“受伤”
2017-08-31 06:40:41 中国青年网
长春晚报记者 于慧
一个班43名学生有10多个孩子接连感冒发烧缺课,一个孩子感冒刚好,另一个又接上了……最近几天,这种情况在不少幼儿园和小学里不断出现,家长在单位正上着班,就接到老师电话,“孩子发烧了,快来接吧。”30日,记者从吉大一院、长春市儿童医院、长春市中心医院等多家医院了解到,最近一段时间,由于天气冷暖不定,特别是早晚温差大,造成孩子感冒发烧的特别多。同时,大人因为温度骤降保暖不到位也频频发生感冒。
早晚凉、中午热 穿衣不当就中招
30日上午,吉大一院儿科门诊各诊室的医生刚一上班,诊室门外就已经被患儿和家长围得水泄不通。在家长们焦急的目光中,医生们开始应对忙碌的一天。急诊室里的医护人员也是忙得连午饭都吃不上。记者从吉大一院了解到,该院儿科每天接诊感冒患儿2000多人次,床位十分紧张。 随后记者来到长春市儿童医院,虽然已接近中午,静点处仍有家长排队等着给孩子打针。“最近这段时间来医院就诊的患儿明显增多。”长春市儿童医院内科门诊主任刘静说,最近半个月,日门诊量明显增加。针对目前的情况看,气温下降是感冒的主要诱因,其中也有一部分患者存在支原体感染。“气温冷暖不定,孩子很容易感冒。”刘静提醒家长,预防感冒保暖很重要,同时还要保证孩子的营养和休息,尽量让孩子远离人流较密集的地方。 30日13时许,长春市第一外国语中学小学部校门前,还不到放学时间,就有几位家长来学校接孩子。“孩子发烧了,早点儿来接他去打点滴,省得耽误明天的课。”一位家长告诉记者,他家的孩子今年刚上一年级,最近几天,班上43名孩子感冒了10多个,几乎每天都有家长因孩子发烧在班级群里给孩子请假。 记者在长春市中心医院了解到,除了孩子,这段时间感冒发烧的成年人也不少,特别是到了晚上,因发烧来看急诊的人不在少数。“大人发烧不能挺,一定要及时就医。”急诊医生提醒说。记者了解到,一些成年人认为发烧多喝水、捂出汗就好了,而医生给出的意见是这种方法有风险,如果出汗不及时,可能会使体温升高,可能引起高热惊厥等并发症。同时,成年人感冒因为延误治疗而发展成肺炎的也很多。医生建议,如果自己吃药不见效,为防止病情加重,应尽快到医院就诊。
增减衣物、做好隔离 自身卫生也重要
针对近期感冒患儿增多的情况,长春市中心医院呼吸内科主任医师高凤玲教授告诉记者,家里要多通风换气,大人外出回家,要洗完手再跟孩子接触。“口腔、鼻腔、头发等都是细菌易藏身之地,随意亲吻孩子很可能把细菌传染给孩子,家长一定要把好自身卫生这道关。”高凤玲说。 孩子刚发烧,不一定要立刻上医院。“很多家长一看孩子发烧就慌神了,抱着孩子往医院跑,这是一个误区。”高凤玲提醒家长,孩子发烧一般是呼吸道疾病、感冒或肺炎引起的,可以先给孩子吃一些退烧药。因为到了医院,医护人员也要先给孩子打退烧针。另外,要根据天气情况给孩子增减衣服,千万不要给孩子穿得过厚。因为孩子活动量大、出汗多,室内、室外冷热温差大,穿得过厚,很容易感冒。由于孩子年龄小,自身抵抗能力差,在公共场所很容易被传染上疾病,所以年龄小的孩子要减少在公共场所停留的时间。同时要注意合理饮食,多吃纤维食品,增加锌和钙的摄入量。 随着气温迅速降低,血压会突然升高,硬化脆弱的小动脉因承受不了强大的内压可能被“引爆”发生脑出血。“很多老年人喜欢晨练,但早晨气温较低,是心脑血管疾病高发时间段,所以心脑血管疾病患者不要过早晨练。”长春中医药大学附属医院心血管内科心脏康复中心主任孟晓萍教授提醒说。心脑血管疾病患者锻炼身体的最佳时间是八九点以后,或者下午三四点。活动方式要根据自身状况选择散步、快走、打太极拳等。饮食要以清淡为主,一旦发现心慌、胸闷、憋气等症状要及早就医。
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