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大学生的环保计

2017-08-31 06:25:42   中国青年网

复旦大学暑期社会实践调研组7月23日来到山西,就环保企业发展现状开展了为期一周的调研

复旦大学暑期社会实践调研组7月23日来到山西,进行了一周的环保调研。调研中,成员们发现,随着环保工作力度不断加强,山西省的生态文明建设如火如荼展开。但基于环保工作进展情况,政府不仅要加强环保硬件设施建设,更要改善百姓的环保理念。

成员们发现,百姓对环保企业建设运营的邻避效应十分显著,担心建设项目给身体健康、环境质量等带来负面影响,抵制项目建设。清徐县计划新建的垃圾焚烧发电站,由于附近居民抵触心理强烈,最终不了了之。调研小组就“怎样看待垃圾焚烧发电厂的建设”询问路人时,回答也大多是“不支持”“会产生二噁英”等。事实果真如此吗?

调研小组随后来到太原市某家垃圾焚烧发电厂。进到工厂,大家既没有闻到臭味,也没有看到黑烟,院内干净整洁,环境优美。在垃圾储坑,工作人员正通过操纵垃圾抓斗,有条不紊地搬动垃圾。随后,这些垃圾被推入垃圾焚烧炉,并通过一系列自动化处理,实现无害化处置。成员们就二噁英排放问题进行了访谈。管理人员介绍,该厂对二噁英的处理,在源头、运输、排放3个环节采取了3种不同技术。源头上,采用“3T+E”燃烧技术,垃圾焚烧的同时,对二噁英进行有效分解;管道运输环节,采用烟气急速冷却技术,减少二噁英二次合成;尾气排放环节,在烟道中喷入活性炭,吸附残留二噁英。借助这些手段,可以确保二噁英浓度控制在0.1ng/Nm3(纳克每标准立方米)以内,实现无害化运营。

随后,成员们在环保厅了解到,山西省垃圾焚烧发电站采用PPP模式运营,这类企业由于承担一部分政府职责,监管更为严格,不存在百姓担心的产生大量二噁英的情况。调研组成员们了解到,每年中国产生12.5kg二噁英,其中5%由垃圾焚烧处理所致,大部分由重工业部门、汽车尾气等产生。那些负面新闻,一些是很久以前相关行业技术还不成熟时产生的问题,一些是个别不合格企业发生的问题,没有普遍借鉴意义,不能因为个别案例,忽视垃圾焚烧处理给环境带来的巨大好处。

调研中,成员们还发现居民的垃圾分类意识亟待加强。在一家环保企业调研时,发现由于没有实行合理的垃圾分类,厨余垃圾占很大比例,尤其是夏天,一堆堆吃剩的西瓜皮甚为显眼。这些厨余垃圾,由于含热值低、含水量大,严重影响了垃圾焚烧炉的温度维持,导致要添加大量煤粉,才可以充分燃烧,增加了企业成本,减少了收益。成员们认为,垃圾分类是生态文明建设中必不可少的一个环节,是一项刻不容缓的任务。一方面,居民要自觉培养环保意识,积极主动参与垃圾分类,另一方面,相关部门要加强环保教育,尤其要从学校抓起,从小培养下一代垃圾分类的好习惯。

近年来,山西省在生态文明建设方面做了巨大努力,成效有目共睹。随着工作的深入,政府、百姓必须清醒地认识到,守住绿水青山,绝不是靠建设几座污染物处理厂就可以轻松解决的,只依赖污染的后续处理,永远没办法从根本解决问题,只有加强百姓的环保理念建设,使其切身参与其中,生态文明建设才能更上一层楼。

本报通讯员 张欣然

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