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肯尼亚超强禁塑令生效 销售和购买都会入刑

2017-08-30 10:46:19   央广网

央广网北京8月30日消息(记者张奥实习记者于洋罗月言)据经济之声《天下公司》报道,肯尼亚政府严格的禁塑令生效,从8月28日起,任何被发现销售、进口、制造塑料袋的人都可能面临最高3.8万美元(约合25万元人民币)的罚款或4年监禁。肯尼亚的超市、小市场、购物中心内,塑料袋已经彻底消失,百姓需要自备布袋、纸袋。据联合国数据统计,肯尼亚人每年消耗1亿个塑料袋。

塑料被称为“20世纪人类最糟糕的发明”,只有20%塑料被回收再利用,而处理塑料垃圾可能是焚烧和填埋,而焚烧肯定会产生空气污染;填埋,需要50年至100年降解。肯尼亚政府非常有决心,这是他们10年内第三次尝试禁止塑料袋。很多塑料袋制造商认为,“禁塑令”会造成就业岗位流失,但肯尼亚环境部长朱迪·瓦克洪古反驳说,使用环保材料制作袋子将创造更多就业。还有人抱怨,没有塑料袋,用什么来装厕所和厨房垃圾。

我国在2008年6月1日起实行限塑令,在全国范围内禁止生产、销售、使用厚度小于0.025毫米的塑料购物袋;在所有超市、商场、集贸市场等商品零售场所实行塑料购物袋有偿使用制度,一律不得免费提供塑料购物袋。而实际情况是,依然有工厂在钻空子。有记者采访了解到,以前农贸市场使用的袋子是再生的,用料复杂混乱,现在很多制造店都被关闭几乎没有人做了,偶尔会有商贩偷着生产这种塑料袋。不过,大部分批发塑料袋的制造商生产的是可降解的厚塑料袋,价格依旧便宜,约15.5元/公斤,每公斤约100个袋子,一次做2-3吨。

超市、菜市场内,很多小塑料袋依旧是免费,主要原因是进货价格便宜,1公斤大约100个、小的约200个,为顾客方便,商家也乐意提供。

其他国家禁塑的情况

全球有40多个国家和地区有禁塑令,只不过禁止程度有差异。

德国多数商店为顾客提供塑料、帆布、棉布3种购物袋,不管哪种购物袋都要收费。塑料袋提供,根据大小来收费,从0.05欧元到0.5欧元不等;帆布袋或棉布袋售价不到1欧元。所有向消费者提供塑料购物袋的商店都要缴纳回收费。

美国旧金山的法案规定,当地零售商只允许向顾客提供纸袋、布袋或以玉米副产品为原料生产的可降解生物塑料袋,化工塑料袋被严格禁止。

爱尔兰征收“袋税”,自2002年起对每个购物塑料袋征税0.15欧元(约合1.1元人民币),税收全部纳入环保基金。2007年,爱尔兰政府又将购物塑料袋税提高到每个0.22欧元。

日本商家为自备袋子的购物者打折。日本政府规定,商家在结账时应主动提示顾客,需要塑料购物袋必须付费,并给自备购物袋的顾客提供打折优惠等。

在非洲的卢旺达,禁塑法令很严格,在机场会对入境的人员进行塑料袋检查。

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