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肯尼亚推超严禁塑令:产销或使用者最高获刑4年

2017-08-30 05:31:32   中国青年网

据英国《卫报》8月28日报道,肯尼亚本周一开始正式施行全球范围内最严苛的反塑料袋法令,生产、销售与使用塑料袋的肯尼亚公民将最高面临四年的有期徒刑或者约4万美元(约合人民币26.4万元)的处罚,肯尼亚政府此举旨在最大限度地降低塑料袋对环境造成的污染。

另据《纽约时报》 报道,肯尼亚在今年3月宣布了该法案的通过,随着该法案正式开始实施,这也意味着肯尼亚超市和商场的塑料袋将全部下架,到肯尼亚旅游的游客也将被要求把塑料制购物袋留在机场内。目前,肯尼亚当地的大型超市已经开始提供布袋作为替代品。

目前,全球范围内每年使用的塑料袋约为五千亿到一万亿只,意味着人们每分钟就要消耗过百万的塑料袋,为此,越来越多的国家正在制定与反塑料袋相关的法律或者规定。有数据表明,塑料袋正在越发对环境造成破坏,不可降解的塑料袋会对海洋、土壤都造成一定影响。据联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的数据显示,目前每平方海里中就约漂浮着4.6万块塑料垃圾。

而由于许多塑料袋流入海洋,也对海龟、海鸟等海洋生物的生存造成影响。《卫报》甚至援引在肯尼亚工作的联合国环境项目的专家哈比比的话指出,“如果人们再不有所节制,到2050年,我们就要在海洋中看到比鱼类更多的塑料袋了。”

哈比比说,由于塑料袋的降解需要500年到1000年左右,因此很容易通过鱼类或者其他动物重新进入人类的食物链中,在肯尼亚首都内罗毕的屠宰场就曾发现胃里被塑料袋填满的奶牛。

从最初开始讨论到如今正式实施,肯尼亚花费了10年时间。然而,对“禁塑令”的质疑与反驳仍然存在。有媒体分析指出,在当前肯尼亚人均每天开销不到2美元的情况下,禁止对塑料袋的使用只可能让经济形势进一步恶化。

肯尼亚制造商协会发言人萨缪尔表示,“法律或让至少6万人面临失业的威胁、造成178个制造商破产。连锁效应将会非常严峻,禁止了塑料袋,你让家庭妇女如何将菜带回家?”

目前,包括肯尼亚在内,已经有中国、印度、美国、卢旺达、意大利等四十多个国家和地区相继推出了禁用、部分禁止或管控塑料袋使用的政策。2007年,旧金山成为美国第一个禁止使用塑料袋的城市,现在美国已经有超过18个州的132个城市部分禁止使用塑料袋。

中国从2008年6月1日起规定在所有超市、商场、集贸市场等商品零售场所实行塑料购物袋有偿使用制度,一律不得免费提供塑料购物袋。

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