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开门立法 汇集民意

2017-08-30 05:41:28   中国青年网

“赞成2782票,反对30票,弃权21票。”今年3月,十二届全国人大五次会议审议通过了民法总则,并将于今年10月1日实施。作为我国民法典的开篇之作,民法总则全面科学地吸收民智,反映民意,成为我国科学立法、民主立法,提高立法质量的范例。

2015年修改后的立法法实施,“开门立法、汇集民意”成为草案审议过程中的法定程序。

作为全国人大代表,上海市长宁区虹储居委会党总支书记朱国萍在审议民法总则(草案)时,发现自己提出的一条建议得到了体现。

虹储居委会所在的虹桥街道,是全国首个基层立法联系点中唯一的街道。2016年11月,全国人大常委会法制工作委员会在这里召开了一场民法总则草案座谈会。受邀参会的朱国萍看到当时民法总则(草案)二审稿中规定:“无具有监护资格的人的,监护人由被监护人住所地的居委会、村委会或民政部门担任。”她表示:“居委会如果需要承担监护责任,可能会遇到一些现实困难。”

朱国萍口中的“困难”并非毫无依据。几年前,虹储居委会6名工作人员曾轮流照看一名无人照看的孩子。照顾孩子的起居,陪孩子玩耍,还要兼顾工作,克服监护条件简陋的障碍等让居委会工作人员有心无力。

朱国萍建议,如果居委会没有监护能力,应由民政部门担负监护责任。

在提交到大会审议的民法总则(草案)中,朱国萍发现其中有一条规定:没有依法具有监护资格的人的,监护人由民政部门担任,也可以由具备条件的被监护人住所地的居委会、村委会担任。

这时她才感到,“立法其实离自己很近,就在居委会的家长里短和柴米油盐之间。”

民法总则编纂过程中,3次向社会公开征集意见,收到修改意见7万多条。这部与公众息息相关的草案在审议程中,来自社会各界的意见进入了立法议程。这些意见背后,有被朱国萍照顾的那个小男孩,也有法律界专业人士在调查研究基础上的成果。发挥专家学者的作用也是科学立法的重要形式。

几年来,在民法总则的立法过程中,先后组织了数十场专家咨询会,法学界百余名专家学者参与,形成了百万字的专家咨询报告。

全国人大常委会法制工作委员会民法室主任贾东明在接受采访时说,民法总则起草过程中,立法工作机构采用多种形式,广泛听取学术界的意见和建议,邀请专家学者参加座谈会、研讨会,向法学学术团体和法学教学研究机构书面征求意见,还就某些争议较大的问题请专家学者提供咨询意见。对学术界的意见和建议,包括专家建议稿的内容进行认真研究和积极采纳,体现了专家学者参与立法的成效,推进了科学立法机制的不断完善。

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