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育苗装空调 烘焙用电炉

2017-08-30 05:31:31   中国青年网

乐清人将铁皮石斛苗绑到树木上面,仿照原生环境让其自行生长。

叶卫华摄

浙江省乐清市是“中国铁皮石斛之乡”和国家铁皮石斛生物产业基地,雁荡山区域的药农从事铁皮石斛采集、加工、销售已有上百年的历史。近年来,当地巧打“石斛牌”,强化科技支撑、突出生态效益,形成了人工栽培、种植、采收、加工和销售铁皮石斛的全产业链,走出了一条创新、绿色、惠农的铁皮石斛生物产业转型升级之路。

“躺着种”变“站着种”

石斛对生长环境的要求特别苛刻,在乐清铁皮石斛恒温育苗室,空调需要全天候不停运转,保证室内温度控制在25—28摄氏度之间,架子上密集地放着装载着石斛苗的育苗瓶,育苗灯每天精确开启照射12个小时。

自2012年起,乐清与浙江农林大学等科研机构合作,创新仿生栽培技术,将铁皮石斛苗绑到树木、段木、岩壁、石块等上面,仿照原生环境让其自行生长。

乐清市铁皮石斛产业协会执行会长宋仙水打了个比方,如果把铺在平原的大棚栽培看成是“躺着种”的话,那么利用山间树木、岩石的立体仿生栽培就是“站着种”。“站着种”模仿石斛野生自然环境,减少人工干预,石斛生长周期更长,品质口感也更好。利用这种技术种出来的铁皮石斛平均市场售价能够达到每公斤2000元到3000元,比一般产品价格高出五六倍。

目前,乐清市发展出活树附生、岩壁附生、段木盆栽、立体栽培、石堆栽培等多种仿生栽培类型,以活树附生栽培方式为主,亩产收益可以达到四五万元。

烘焙石斛告别炭火炉

完整的铁皮石斛鲜条不易保存,采摘之后还需要经过去根、裁剪、烘焙、卷取加箍等多个步骤。在传统加工过程中,烘焙石斛使用炭火炉,造成的空气污染十分严重。近年来,在国网乐清市供电公司的帮助下,当地石斛加工企业纷纷更新石斛加工设备,改用电炉烘焙,既提升了技术水平,也更加绿色环保。“电炉不仅减少了污染,还能精确控制温度。如今,别说大型的石斛加工企业,就连家庭作坊里也很少见到炭火炉烘焙加工了。”大荆供电所副所长徐乐生说。

石斛育种和加工企业铁枫堂总经理宋爱玲介绍,“我们这个铁皮石斛加工基地用的是一台250千伏安的变压器,随着规模的逐步扩大,接下来还要申请增容。”目前,在该企业所在的大荆镇,铁皮石斛加工用电容量已经超过4000千伏安。

据统计,乐清市铁皮石斛种植面积已达到8000余亩,占全国总面积的近1/5,铁皮石斛鲜条、枫斗产量分别占全国总产量的30%、80%以上。全市共有300多家大大小小的企业、合作社、家庭作坊从事铁皮石斛种植加工,带动农民就业5万余人,年产值超过15亿元,已经成为当地农民增收致富的支柱产业。

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