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中国能源发展迈向清洁化

2017-08-30 03:21:26   中国青年网

“近年来,中国大力推进能源革命和转型,绿色多元的能源供应体系正在建立,能源消费清洁化、低碳化取得积极进展。”国家能源局局长努尔·白克力日前在“2017年能源大转型高层论坛”上说。

为进一步提升中国煤电行业清洁高效发展水平,国家能源局会同有关部门制订计划,大力推进煤电超低排放和节能改造。特别是近两年,这项工作进一步提速扩围。截至去年底,全国已累计完成超低排放改造4.5亿千瓦、节能改造4.6亿千瓦,分别占到2020年超低排放改造目标的77%、节能改造目标的73%。

针对人民群众普遍关心的大气污染防治问题,中国在居民采暖、生产制造领域,通过推广或试点电采暖、工业电锅炉等方式,实施电能替代散烧煤和燃油;全面实施配电网建设改造;加快推动电动汽车充电基础设施建设,截至今年4月底,全国累计建成公共充电桩17.1万个。

在煤炭清洁高效利用方面,中国加强从煤炭产品质量、燃煤发电、煤化工、燃煤锅炉、煤炭分级分质利用、民用散煤治理、废弃物资源化利用等领域涉及煤炭全生命周期、全产业链开展推进煤炭清洁利用工作,持续推进煤炭生产和利用方式变革。

近年来,中国能源消费结构不断优化。清洁能源消费比重持续提高,煤炭消费比重继续下降,可再生能源装机快速增长。可再生能源已进入规模化发展阶段。到2016年底,中国可再生能源发电装机容量达到5.7亿千瓦,约占全部电力装机的35%。非化石能源利用量占到一次能源消费总量的13.3%,比2010年提高3.9个百分点,全部可再生能源年利用量达到5.5亿吨标准煤。

与此同时,中国已逐步从可再生能源利用大国向可再生能源技术产业强国迈进,技术装备水平显著提升。风电全产业链基本实现国产化,新型光伏电池技术转换效率不断提升。在持续推动可再生能源规模增长的同时,也致力于探索可再生能源产业创新。通过光伏农业、光伏渔业等“光伏+”项目,实施光伏扶贫。

绿色低碳、节能环保已成为时代潮流,优化能源结构、发展可再生能源已成为各界共识。中国石油经济技术研究院近日发布的2017版《2050年世界与中国能源展望》报告称,我国一次能源消费结构呈现清洁、低碳化特征,2030年前天然气和非化石能源等清洁能源将成为新增能源主体。

专家指出,能源转型是一个长期的过程,实现清洁低碳的现代能源体系目标仍需解决一些深层次的矛盾和问题。下一步要坚持绿色低碳,着力推进煤炭清洁高效利用、能源互补的转变。能源发展“十三五”规划明确,“十三五”时期非化石能源消费比重提高到15%以上,天然气消费比重力争达到10%。

国家能源局表示,清洁低碳能源将是“十三五”期间能源供应增量的主体。中国将继续推进非化石能源规模化发展,加快推进天然气利用。在做好煤炭清洁高效利用的同时,规划建设一批水电、核电重大项目,稳步发展风电、太阳能等可再生能源,大力发展天然气分布式能源和天然气调峰电站,在民用、工业和交通领域积极推进以气代煤、以气代油。

(据新华社北京8月29日电 记者刘羊旸)

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