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物质“指纹” 慧眼能识(海归人才创新创业风采录)

2017-08-29 14:35:27   央广网

将来的一天,只要拿着手机轻轻一扫,就能知道想买的苹果是酸还是甜,喝的牛奶安不安全,食用的油是不是地沟油;戴上智能手表就能检测皮肤血氧含量,也可以检测是否罹患皮肤癌等疾病……

这不是天方夜谭,只需一个小小的量子点光谱仪就可轻松搞定。而研发这一“神器”的,正是清华大学电子工程系副教授、博士生导师鲍捷(见上图,资料照片)。

2013年底从美国麻省理工学院(MIT)学成归国的鲍捷,是学生眼中“最帅的导师”。作为“青年千人计划”学者,鲍捷以学报国,在光谱仪研发领域采撷了最亮的那颗星,成功研发量子点光谱仪,宣告全民光谱照相时代的到来。

量子点光谱仪“惊艳”世界

2015年7月,一篇名为《基于胶体量子点纳米材料的光谱仪》的论文在《自然》杂志上发表,学界因之轰动。“这是人们第一次在光谱仪中使用量子点”“科学领域上最重要的科研工具之一现在适合于你的手机”……国外媒体的纷纷点赞,显示出量子点光谱仪的非同寻常。

论文的第一作者正是鲍捷。同期《自然》杂志还刊登了美国西北太平洋国家实验室科学家的专题评论文章,文章说“这种优雅地将纳米技术与数码相机影像传感器集成的方法克服了多种现有技术所面临的困难”“将来,我们可能会看到微小的、高分辨率的量子点光谱仪在太空任务或家居智能传感器和物联网中被应用”……

量子点光谱仪的横空出世,是量子点和光谱仪的首次成功结合,开辟了人类使用纳米材料的新方向,具有里程碑意义。

光谱是物质的一种“指纹”,是其与生俱来的“身份证”,而作为分辨光波的神奇“眼睛”,光谱仪能准确测量物质“指纹”,从而“一眼洞穿”其化学成分和相对含量。然而,传统光谱仪受光栅分光的物理原理限制,在实际中难以做到小于一本字典的大小,且造价昂贵,高达数万美元。因此,传统光谱仪一直是实验室的“专宠”,难以进入寻常百姓家。

想要改变,就必须突破。鲍捷上下求索,终于找到纳米材料领域的“新贵”——量子点。量子点具有吸光特性,将其缩小至人头发丝万分之一尺度时,量子点的颜色就会随尺寸改变而改变。“量子点是能在非常宽的颜色范围内连续地获得不同颜色的材料,基于这一独特性,它是用来辨别物质颜色或光谱的绝佳材选。”鲍捷说。

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