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上海交大:世界首个海水量子通信实验成功,上天入地下海可期
近日,上海交通大学金贤敏团队成功进行了首个海水量子通信实验,观察到了光子极化量子态和量子纠缠可在海水中保持量子特性,在国际上首次通过实验验证了水下量子通信的可行性,向未来建立水下及空海一体量子通信网络迈出重要一步。该成果发表在最新一期的《光学快报》杂志上,并被列为编辑推荐。
目前,基于光纤和自由空间大气信道的量子通信已被证明可行。那么,海洋能否用作量子信道呢?金贤敏对科技日报记者解释,尽管相比光纤和大气,海水中悬浮物和盐度等对光子导致的散射和损耗效应要大得多,但其实,海水也有一个光子传输时损耗较低的蓝绿窗口,且其能被商用单光子探测器探测到。因此,基于海水的量子通信理论上是可行的。“而且,缺少了海洋,全球化的量子通信网是不完整的。”
在最新实验中,他们选择光子的极化作为信息编码的载体,并通过模拟证明,在非常大的损耗和散射下,极化编码的光子只会丢失,而不会发生量子比特翻转。也就是说,即使经历了海水巨大的信道损耗,只要有少量单光子存活下来,仍可被用于建立安全密钥。
目前的结果显示,水下量子通信可达数百米,虽然信道较短,但能对水下百米量级的潜艇和传感网络节点等进行保密通信,即使是从水下几米深的地方对卫星和飞行器进行保密通信,也比之前认为海水是“禁区”更进了一步,因此,能在军事等领域“大显身手”。
金贤敏指出,虽然目前只是朝水下量子通信迈出了第一步,离实用化的水下、空海一体量子通信连线和网络还有一段距离,但“最新研究证明,实现量子通信技术的上天、入地、下海的未来图景可期”。(记者刘霞)
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