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【绿色发展 绿色生活】重庆巫山生态脆李种植使绿水青山变成金山银山

2017-08-29 14:15:28   国际在线

脆李种植园

国际在线报道(记者甄明、黎冉): 《诗经》有云:“投我以桃,报之以李。”后人将“投桃报李”当作成语,比喻相互赠答、礼尚往来,可见李子这类水果在千年前已经有了。有考证表明,中国李的发源地,在如今的长江上游、三峡库区一带。近日记者在重庆市巫山县采访时发现,这座长江上游的小山城,脆李种植遍地可见。被称作经济林木的脆李树,为何会风靡整个巫山县呢?

“卖脆李,卖脆李,卖曲尺的脆李……真好吃。”

每年七八月份,这样的叫卖声经常在巫山县城的大街小巷中响起,挑着扁担的果农们,卖的果子是巫山的特有水果——脆李子。这种李子通身青绿色,比一般的北方李子硬很多,也甜很多。

巫山被誉为“中国脆李之乡”,巫山脆李2016年成功注册为中国地理标志商标。为了鼓励果农们提高脆李的种植产量和质量,从今年7月起,巫山县每年举办脆李种植能手评选。曲尺乡龙洞村负责人陈仁贵是今年评选出的脆李种植能手之一。他介绍说,从2014年开始,他牵头带着村民们在荒山大规模地种植脆李,几乎每家每户都在种。说到果子丰收时的情景,陈仁贵说:“每天吃脆李的时候就特别开心,开花的季节心情也特别舒畅,再者采果的时候,每年收钱的时候也特别高兴。”

七月、八月正是脆李成熟的时节。巫山县的果农们与快递企业合作,扫描二维码寄送脆李,通过冷链车发货,“巫山脆李”从田间采摘直接可寄往全国各地,买家48个小时内便能收到新鲜的脆李。

在种植脆李前,三峡库区重庆段的主要种植物是玉米、红薯、马铃薯,但种植这些粮食需要的化肥量高,大量的磷、氮元素严重影响到三峡库区内的生态环境。农业部生态农业专家熊伟介绍说,调整产业结构,将原本种植的玉米、红薯、马铃薯变为一年一熟的果树,可以“控氮减磷”,有效改善生态环境:“控氮减磷,(李子树)形成屏障,减少氮磷进入库区。同时,脆李富含丰富的对人体有益的各种元素,如氮和磷,通过水果的市场化销售,人们可以吃到这些李子。这是三峡库区生态修复的一个重大行动。因为它直接把氮和磷带出去了。”

据悉,从2007年到2016年,三峡库区的化肥使用量从每公顷1吨减少至320公顷1吨,降低了约七成。来巫山县参加全国李杏学术交流的浙江大学果树学教授贾惠娟介绍说,稳定的脆李种植对重庆生态已产生促进作用:“这个果树有个特点就是种下去以后不动了,就是一年种下去。你管的好了,十年、二十年、三十年,甚至很长的时间不会动。所以它的根系不断地在扎根,树叶通过光合作用,可以净化空气,对环境有好处。如果种粮食,比如种红薯,成熟以后要刨出来;玉米要拔出来,那么一拔出来,土壤就会裸露出来,如果洪水过来,水土就会有流失。那么果树是没有这个过程,它的根系会永远扎在那里,什么时候下雨,都没有关系。”。

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