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大气常出现区域性污染

2017-08-29 03:41:00   中国青年网

大气污染防治不是一城一地的事,没有哪个城市可以独善其身。“成都治霾十条”也提出,推动成都平原城市群大气污染联防联控。大气污染联防联控为何如此重要?先来了解一下大气污染物如何传输和扩散的。

大气中的污染物,受大气水平运动及大气各种不同程度扰动运动的影响,会形成不同程度的输送。大气的水平运动就是“风”。风对污染物扩散有两个作用:整体输送作用、冲淡稀释作用。风向决定污染物迁移运动的方向,风速决定迁移速度。但在一些特殊天气条件下,一个地区排放的污染物可能随上升气流进入高空,在高空随着气团较快的传输,可能会在距离污染源很远的地方又随着下沉气团降到地表附近,导致区域间的污染物传输。例如沙尘暴、PM2.5、酸雨等,都常以跨越省份的区域性污染态势出现;在一些极端气象条件下,甚至出现过亚洲的沙尘传输到北美、欧洲地区的情况。

因此,仅从行政区划的角度考虑单个城市大气污染防治已难以解决本地大气污染问题。开展城市之间甚至省际之间的区域大气污染联防联控,成为解决区域大气污染问题的有效手段,国内外在这方面已积累不少成功经验。欧盟自1979年以来签署的一系列远距离大气污染公约,对有效控制欧洲大陆总体环境空气质量起到了关键作用。但是盆地地形让四川省的污染物容易汇聚且不易扩散,因此,成都平原城市群展开大气污染联防联控显得尤为重要。

成都晚报记者 薛欢

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