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破解外卖垃圾围城需多方合力

2017-08-28 08:27:12   央广网

随着近年外卖、快递业迅速发展,塑料制品的需求也开始出现抬头趋势,而新增的大量外卖餐盒多采用不可降解材质,在一定程度上增加了垃圾处理的成本。

外卖平台的发展,直接方便了广大上班族、宅男、宅女解决三餐问题。但与此同时,外卖跟快递一样,制造了大量的垃圾,已经严重影响了我们的生活和生态环境,与科技让生活更美好的宗旨不符。统计数据显示,美团、饿了么、百度三大外卖平台15天订单量所产生的塑料垃圾就能覆盖整个西湖,全国每天产生的外卖垃圾规模就达到350吨之重,相当于一个中大型厨余垃圾处理厂的日处理量。

外卖垃圾围城,归根结底,不只是一个环境问题,还是经济问题、技术问题、理念和思维问题。这决定了治理外卖垃圾围城,需要政府、外卖平台、市民等各方共同合作发力,不能指望和依赖一方能解决好外卖垃圾围城问题。

于政府而言,必须在顶层设计层面,制定和规范外卖包装标准和政策,从源头上治理外卖包装垃圾。有必要以法律形式明确规定外卖包装、快递包装必须统一使用环保材料、可降解材质制成的包装盒,禁止和惩罚使用非环保材料使用的包装,减少外卖包装垃圾在生产、处理过程中对生态环境的破坏。现在外卖包装垃圾最大的问题就是使用不可降解材质制成的包装盒,处理起来会污染生态环境。而且,使用环保材质、可降解材质的包装,其成本比不可降解材质的包装要高不少,直接增加叫外卖的费用,这在一定程度上可以发挥出价格杠杆作用,减少人们对外卖的需求。

于外卖平台而言,应当从社会责任角度出发,建立外卖包装循环使用机制。目前外卖平台基本上使用的是一次性饭盒,没有循环使用的可能性。但盛装饭菜并不必非得使用一次性饭盒,完全可以像饭馆里一样,使用可循环使用的碗碟。外卖平台在送餐过程中盛装饭菜的包装盒,与用户最终食用时的包装,其实可以分开使用,只需要在消费者手中进行倒换一次即可。像笔者叫外卖,经常是倒入自家碗里吃,而不是直接使用商家提供的一次性饭盒吃。从这个角度说,外卖平台可以使用保温饭盒送餐,减少使用一次性饭盒。当然,可以把选择权交给用户,但使用一次性饭盒、一次性筷子的,费用应当比使用保温饭盒送餐的要高。

“没有买卖就没有垃圾”。于市民而言,需要转变生活观念和生活方式,不到万不得已的情况下,尽可能不要叫外卖,或者少叫几次外卖,可以选择直接去餐馆吃饭,或者自己在家做饭吃,直接减少外卖垃圾的制造量。而且,一定要根据自己的饭量点适应的外卖,减少乃至避免产生残余饭菜。

总而言之,外卖垃圾围城,我们既不能放纵这种环境问题扩大化,也不能直接拒绝叫外卖的便捷生活,关键是各方都要负起自身的责任,减少和解决外卖垃圾。

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