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要为预付卡发行套上法律“紧箍咒”

2017-08-28 08:27:09   中国青年网

本报讯(詹顺婉)金钱豹倒闭、代官山关门,近年来预付卡发行商家接连上演“先收钱后跑路”套路。因此,关于单用途预付卡立法的呼声日益高涨。笔者从上海市人大8月21日召开的立法调研座谈会获悉,目前,相关法规建议稿已初具雏形,但对如何监管、监管主体等核心问题,各方仍存有较大争议。

地方立法有无权限

从上海市人大历次调研情况看,目前,各方观点认为,单用途预付卡监管路径主要集中在两方面:扎紧前端“藩篱”,通过设置发卡门槛,规定只有达到规模以上经营企业才能有发卡许可;加强事中监管,通过对预收资金流向的实时监控与管理,避免恶意“圈钱”跑路的发生。

无论是哪种措施,都意味着现有预付卡发行模式将被套上“紧箍咒”,商家不得为所欲为。也因此,有观点认为,对预付卡的监管涉嫌侵犯企业的经营自主权。

“预付卡发行的本质是一种商家与消费者的合同契约行为,属于民事法律关系的范畴,而对于民事合同效力规定的立法位阶是法律和行政法规,不属于地方立法权限范围。地方立法对其进行规制,有可能侵犯民事基本权利。”座谈会上,有法律专家提出,预付卡立法需要谨慎,避免僭越立法权限。

对此,法律专家韩强提出了不同观点。“立这个法,不是说企业就不能发行预付卡了,也并非否定双方合同的法律效力,而是对发行预付卡所产生的社会风险进行防范。”韩强认为,此次立法着眼点在于保护消费者权益和规范市场秩序,并非对企业经营行为本身的干涉。

法学专家张忠玉也表达了相同意见,“此次立法的现实语境是,由于前期监管失灵,导致预付卡消费纠纷频发。从这个意义上说,地方立法对预付卡发行进行监管,符合消法和物权法的精神和原则,并不存在与上位法冲突的问题。”张忠玉同时表示,在具体监管措施设置中,如何规避与现有法律形成冲突,也的确是本次立法中值得关注的问题。

监管路径仍未明确

预付卡怎么管?是本次立法的核心问题。无论是设置发卡门槛还是把控预收资金流向,在现实操作中都将面临如何落地的问题。

“比如,对于门槛的设置,究竟达到多大规模的企业才能发卡?”上海市人大代表盛雷鸣指出,由于单用途发卡主体涉及各行业,行业属性不同导致经营业态不同,很难用“一刀切”的方式设置量化标准。而“与其经营规模相符”的表述又往往过于原则,缺乏硬性约束力。

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