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两方面区分寻衅滋事罪与故意毁坏财物罪

2017-08-28 08:21:54   中国青年网

简单来说,判断某一具体行为是否属于寻衅滋事,可以采取“双替换”的方法,如果某一损毁财物的行为同时满足双替换的要求,就可以认定该行为具有主观“随意性”,属于寻衅滋事行为。一是替换行为人,即把行为人替换成普通的社会人员,如果其在相同情境下一般不可能作出同样或者类似的行为,那就说明行为人的行为具有“随意性”,属于寻衅滋事,如果普通人也可能实施类似行为,则不具备“随意性”,不属于寻衅滋事。二是替换被毁坏财物,由于寻衅滋事行为要求的行为对象是随机的、偶然的,所以其对象应具有可替换性。假如将原有财物替换为其他财物,实施损毁的行为人仍不会停手、停止损毁行为,那足以说明行为人主观方面具有损毁财物的“随意性”,属于寻衅滋事行为。反之,如果将财物替换掉,行为人不再实施侵犯,则不属于寻衅滋事行为。

而故意毁坏财物罪中的犯罪行为通常是由某种现实原因引起的,行为人可能是出于对财物所有人的打击报复、嫉妒心理或其他类似“有针对性”的心理态度,毁坏财物使所有人的财产受到损失就是其犯罪目的,因此其主观上不具有“随意性”。

第二,犯罪客体方面:侵害法益是否侧重于“公共秩序”。我国刑法将寻衅滋事罪规定在刑法分则第六章“妨害社会管理秩序罪”的“扰乱公共秩序罪”一节中,旨在保护公共社会秩序这一公共法益;而故意毁坏财物罪则被规定在刑法分则第五章“侵犯财产罪”之中,其保护的法益为公私财产权利这一法益。《解释》中规定,行为人因婚恋、家庭、邻里、债务等纠纷,实施殴打、辱骂、恐吓他人或者损毁、占用他人财物等行为的,一般不认定为寻衅滋事。因为这些行为侵害的法益是具体利益,并未对公共秩序法益造成侵害。因此,寻衅滋事罪必须同时侵犯社会公共秩序法益和具体法益,而且这两个法益必须相对独立,即在行为侵犯具体法益的同时必须额外造成对社会管理秩序的破坏。简言之,行为人在实施寻衅滋事行为时,主观方面是逞强好胜,想要对社会的公共秩序进行破坏,他所进行的损毁财物行为只是为了达到破坏社会秩序目的的一个手段。而行为人在实施故意毁坏财物犯罪时,让对方受到财物的损失是其唯一、直接的目的。

总之,在刑法理论和司法实践中,要做到准确区分寻衅滋事罪与故意毁坏财物罪,必须细致分析案件细节,合理归纳相关事实,主体方面看“随意”,客体方面寻“秩序”,妥当判断案件性质,收紧寻衅滋事这一“口袋罪名”的口子,更好地在司法实践中加以运用。

(作者单位:山西省太原市晋源区人民检察院)

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