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预防残疾,我们该怎么做

2017-08-28 08:16:50   中国青年网

■聚焦首个“残疾预防日”

□ 本报记者 赵君

残疾风险伴随每个人,残疾预防与个人健康、家庭幸福、经济社会健康发展息息相关。今年8月25日是全国第一个“残疾预防日”,主题是“推进残疾预防 建设健康中国”。

统计数据显示,我省现有残疾人569.5万人,每年新增出生缺陷人口约5万人,其中一部分会是残疾人。

“近年来,残疾预防工作取得显著成效。但同时,由于正处于人口老龄化、工业化、城镇化进程中,残疾发生率依然较高,遗传性、先天性残疾尚未有效控制,慢性病、精神障碍、意外伤害等导致残疾的风险又在显著增加,进一步增强全民残疾预防意识,加大残疾预防工作力度十分紧迫、必要。”省残联康复部部长王新观说。

预防残疾,我们究竟该做什么、怎样做?

我国是出生缺陷高发国家,每年大约有80万-120万出生缺陷患儿出生。“生育出生缺陷儿的原因很多,不仅包括遗传因素,还包括母体自身因素、营养因素,以及环境方面的物理因素、化学因素和生物因素。”济南市妇幼保健院副院长聂文英说,加强婚前、孕前健康检查,做好产前筛查、诊断,能够有效控制出生缺陷。

记者从省卫计委获悉,2016年全省婚检率为65.7%,产前筛查率为85.04%。受观念、费用等影响,仍有不少人未进行产前筛查。

出生缺陷病种繁多,受技术限制,仍有很多残疾无法在产前筛查出来。新生儿疾病筛查通过早筛查、早发现和早干预,可以有效预防和减少儿童残疾发生。

据了解,目前,山东已将0-6岁残疾儿童筛查纳入基本公共卫生服务,全省新生儿四种遗传代谢性疾病筛查率和听力筛查率分别为98.77%和98.13%。并且建立了儿童残疾随报及早期康复制度,形成“防、治、康”相结合的早预防、早筛查、早转介、早治疗、早康复的工作机制和服务模式。

做好出生缺陷和发育障碍预防、控制之外,避免疾病致残、远离意外伤害,对于预防残疾,也至关重要。

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