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A股“不死鸟”神话开始破灭

2017-08-28 06:16:49   中国青年网

近几年来,对于退市的指标体系已有所扩充,在以净利润为核心的单一财务指标体系基础之上加入了交易类指标、信息披露指标,以及重大违法行为等标准。随着改革力度的加大,应继续完善退市相关指标,使之更加多元化,防止“漏网之鱼”

作为A股市场首家因欺诈发行强制退市的上市公司,“欣泰退”于8月25日完成退市整理期最后交易,正式退市。截至8月25日收盘,“欣泰退”下跌3.90%,报收1.48元。全天成交额达828万元,换手率5.53%。

按照深交所有关规定,创业板没有重新上市的制度安排,“欣泰退”欺诈发行具有违法行为不可纠正、影响不可消除的特征,不符合重新上市的要求。强制退市之后,将无法重新上市。这是今年以来第2只在主板退市的公司。今年7月6日,“新都退”完成A股市场的“末日交易”,进入三板市场挂牌转让。

与关注度较高的新股发行制度不同,我国的退市制度建设一直波澜不惊,尽管已制定多元化的主板退市制度,但近16年的退市公司总数不足100家。当前,退市制度如何进一步完善?

A股退市率仍偏低

上市公司退市制度主要包括退市标准、退市程序、实施退市的权利主体、退市路径以及善后处理机制等内容。健全的退市制度具有优胜劣汰、提高上市公司经营效率、保障上市公司财务信息质量和调节股票供需的重要作用。

1993年,上海轻工业上市公司PT水仙因盲目并购重组被依法终止上市,成为我国证券市场上首只被摘牌的股票,打破了A股“只进不出”的局面。但是,近16年来,A股退市公司仍屈指可数。中银国际证券统计显示,2001年至2017年,A股退市公司仅有92家,年均退市率仅为0.35%。自2001年以来,美国纽交所平均每年有128家上市公司退市,退市率达到6%。

“退市制度建设一直是我国资本市场制度建设中薄弱的一环。”中银国际证券分析师陈乐天介绍,在2014年之前,我国上市公司退市制度散见于法律、部门规章、证券交易所规则中。上市公司的实际退市理由基本上没有统一标准。

1994年至今,我国上市公司的退市制度建设大体可分为4个阶段。一是1994年至2000年的初设阶段,由于缺乏可操作性的公司和证券相关法律,这段时间里鲜有退市公司出现。二是2001年至2004年的确立阶段,2001年证监会发布《亏损上市公司暂停上市和终止上市实施办法》,首次从操作层面对上市公司退市的标准、程序作出规定,明确了上市公司退市的具体标准和程序。三是2005年至2011年的细化阶段,随着相关法律、法规的修订完善,退市制度更加细致化、法治化。四是2012年至今的改革阶段,在2012年和2014年先后经历两轮退市制度调整。代表文件是2014年证监会发布《关于改革完善并严格实施上市公司退市制度的若干意见》,建立了目前仍然沿用的主动退市制度和强制退市制度,退市指标更加多元。

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