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广东为何如此“招台风”?这些防御常识你必须知道

2017-08-26 22:20:46   中国青年网

新华网广州8月26日电(记者胡林果 田建川)台风“天鸽”正面袭击珠三角不到4天,台风“帕卡”又接踵将至,直奔广东。台风为何对广东如此“重度偏爱”?气象部门如何计算台风登陆点,预报准不准?防御台风有哪些事你必须知道?

广东省气象台预计,台风“帕卡”将于27日白天在广东深圳到阳江一带沿海登陆,登陆时为强热带风暴级或台风级。而4天前,今年以来登陆我国的最强台风“天鸽”重创珠三角,致9人死亡。

“尽管‘帕卡’的登陆地点还存在不确定性,但不管登陆地点偏东或偏西,珠海附近都有11级左右大风。”广东省气象台首席预报员程正泉说,“帕卡”将给广东带来连续的大范围强降雨,与“天鸽”强降雨区域重叠,且降雨时间更长、强度更强。

统计数据显示,广东是我国台风登陆最多的省份。1949-2016年,广东共遭遇181个台风,其中达到台风及以上级别的有61个。

而从1954年至今,共有6对“结伴”登陆广东的台风,相隔均不超过5天。广东为何如此“招台风”?

气象专家介绍,广东是我国海岸线最长的省份,且直接面向南海、太平洋,为台风提供了更充裕的“着陆点”。而今年8月,副热带高压偏强、位置偏西,在副高下方偏东气流的引导下,台风更容易影响华南沿海尤其是广东地区。

台风登陆点是怎么预报出来的?广东省气象台首席预报员张东说,部分人对台风登陆点预报存在误解,认为应该是一个准确的点。实际上,这是不可能做到的。“对台风登陆点的预报只能是一个空间跨度,台风越靠近登陆点,预报的准确性就越高。”

台风的移动路径受到大气环流、洋流、地形等因素影响存在变数。“当台风在海洋上的时候,我们通过专业的气象模式进行数学计算,同时通过卫星监测进行及时更正。”程正泉说,台风越趋向陆地,观测的手段就越丰富,包括海上浮标、近岸观测站、雷达等,这样就减少了影响台风路径的不确定因素,预判准确率就更高。

台风猛于虎,强风有可能吹倒建筑物、高空设施,造成人员伤亡,一些防御技能你必须掌握。比如:居住在各类危旧住房、厂房、工棚的群众一定要主动转移避险;台风来临前,一定要停留在坚固安全的房屋内防风避险,不要在临时建筑、广告牌、铁塔等附近避风避雨;台风影响期间不要进入车库,防止海水倒灌;不要到沿海的道路、堤围观海看潮等等。

应急、三防、气象等部门在每次台风来临前,都会对受影响区域的公众发布预警信息。广东省三防办副主任黄志坚说,为防御“帕卡”,三防部门仍会按照要求对预警信息进行区域全覆盖,并进一步加大发送范围、加密发送频率。

“这次发送的不仅是预警信息,对公众的具体防御指引也会发到手机上。”黄志坚说。

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