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俄罗斯旅游业前景光明 风光背后的隐忧

2017-08-26 09:15:57   央广网

夏天是莫斯科人最爱的季节。蓝天白云,绿树成荫。成群的鸽子飞过红场和克里姆林宫,色彩绚丽的教堂及各式建筑在鲜花和喷泉的映衬下显得愈发生动美丽。行走在人来人往的街头,仿佛置身于流动的油画中,令人心旷神怡。

和莫斯科市民一同走在这如画般景色中的还有来自各国的游客。事实上,不止莫斯科,圣彼得堡、符拉迪沃斯托克等俄罗斯主要城市也是外国游客的夏日天堂。这其中,中国游客是当之无愧的主力军。

近年来,受到卢布贬值、俄政府实施签证便利化措施、俄旅游部门推出专属旅游产品的吸引,加之毗邻的地理优势和老一辈人的“苏联情结”,中国赴俄游客人数出现井喷式增长。据俄罗斯联邦旅游局数据显示,去年有大约130万中国游客赴俄旅游,今年上半年中国免签赴俄游客数量增加36%,个别地区的游客数量增长高达100%。

先天条件优越,政府又卖力推销,外国游客人数大幅增长带来了丰厚的旅游收入,俄罗斯旅游业的发展前景可谓一片光明。然而,在热闹风光的背后,俄旅游市场依然显现出不少令人遗憾的问题。

首先,旅游热暴露了一些热门地区旅游接待能力不足、配套服务有待提高。从莫斯科国际机场的边检站,到市区内各大景点的入口处,经常能看到几个外国旅游团同时排队的场景。戴着同色旅游帽的游客人头攒动,脸上写满了疲惫和无奈。由于旺季服务岗位不足,游客排队半小时是家常便饭,超过一小时也不足为奇。

在一些主要城市,尽管游客数量的增长引发了酒店建设热潮,但这些城市在接待游客时仍显得力不从心。圣彼得堡城市旅游公司总经理列别捷夫表示,在夏天的旅游旺季,公司每天都会接到要求接待中国旅游团的电话,但最终只能满足一半客户的需求。

其次,与少数大城市游人如织的场面形成鲜明对比的是,俄罗斯许多其他旅游资源丰富的地区则少有外国游人光顾,游客资源分布极不平衡。

记者日前走访俄罗斯西北部接壤芬兰的卡累利阿共和国就深有感触。该地区不乏俄罗斯北部美不胜收的山水风光,还有精巧独特的木制建筑和大量珍贵的历史文化古迹。不仅如此,这里还是著名的前苏联影片《这里的黎明静悄悄》故事的发生地和拍摄地。

只可惜“酒香也怕巷子深”,卡累利阿行政长官阿尔图尔·帕尔芬奇科夫告诉记者,卡累利阿在2016年全年只接待了3000余名外国游客,还不足莫斯科、圣彼得堡外国游客数量的一个零头。

当然,这一状况也与交通便利度欠缺不无关联。虽然俄罗斯境内铁路、公路四通八达,但事实上,除莫斯科、圣彼得堡之外的其他地区交通状况很一般。尤其是在卡累利阿等地质条件恶劣的偏远地区,交通基础设施仍相对落后,运输能力较为薄弱。这无疑在很大程度上束缚了游客的脚步。

另一个日益严重的问题是,针对外国游客的“灰色旅行团”、强制消费等乱象频频出现。

据俄罗斯“世界无国界”旅游协会称,在一些不合规的旅行团中,外国游客只能在特定的卖场和餐馆进行购物和用餐。尤其是组织性强、购买力高的中国游客团已成为重灾区。一些莫斯科商店甚至在服务大批中国游客时进行“关门服务”,禁止当地居民进入,涉嫌高价欺诈。

目前,俄罗斯政府正在设法解决这一问题。莫斯科、圣彼得堡等地与俄罗斯旅游局联合开展打击非法导游的行动,旅游协会也对外国游客开通了举报热线。但短期来看,灰色旅游业的繁荣还会持续。

种种问题表明,面对快速增长的外来游客,看似天时地利人和的俄旅游市场其实并没有完全准备好,俄罗斯旅游业恐怕还需要做好多工作。(廖冰清)

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