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向天空“史诗”级跃升(砥砺奋进的5年·中国高度)
2017-08-26 04:15:56 中国青年网
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在苍茫大地上写下传奇的同时,中国依然豪情满怀地把勤奋和智慧挥洒向天空和宇宙,在那里的不同高度,完成一系列堪称“史诗级”的跃升,刻录下中国印记。这5年来,中国人以前所未有的奋进姿态,把包括大型飞机、太阳能无人机、导航卫星、空间实验室等送上天空,我们的嫦娥三号抵达了遥远的月球,我们还制定了进军火星的周密计划。
平流层在地表以上10公里至50公里,具有能见度高、受力稳定、安全系数高等优点,航空领域的大型客机大多飞行于此层。随着2017年5月5日C919成功进行首飞,平流层即将迎来中国大型民用客机。这是世界航空发展史上的一件大事,它改写了在世界大型客机制造领域波音和空客双雄并立的格局,进入到了“三国鼎立”的新时代。而开启这个新时代的大门是那样艰辛。如果从2006年《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》发布,实施国家科技重大专项“大型飞机”作为开始标志,到成功首飞,前后历时11年。在此期间,国内有22个省份、200多家企业、36所高校、数十万产业人员参与了研制工作。C919优异的性能赢得了中外客户的心。截至目前,包括东航股份、GE航空资本服务公司、德国普仁航空、泰国都市航空等在内的24家客户,预定飞机达600架。
大型运输机、水陆两栖飞机和大型民用客机一起被称为中国大飞机“三剑客”,也是“大型飞机重大专项”的核心内容。而随着被称作“鲲鹏”的运-20成功首飞(2013)和正式列装(2016)人民空军,中国大型运输机研制取得了决定性胜利,为人民空军向战略军种转型嬗变奠定了基础。蛟龙-600两栖飞机于2009年被批准研制,2016年7月,完成总装下线,目前正在进行相关试验,为首飞做最后准备。
距离地表约20公里到100公里的区域被称为临近空间。近年来,中国加大了对该空间的开发利用力度。今年6月,中国航天科技集团公司的彩虹太阳能无人机成功飞抵此空间,并成功进行了相关性能试验,使我国成为继美、英之后,第三个掌握临近空间太阳能无人机技术的国家。早在2015年,中国就成功放飞了新型临近空间平台“圆梦号”飞艇,这也是全球首次具备持续动力、可控飞行、重复使用能力的临近空间飞艇飞行。
这几年,中国航天发射进入“高密度、常态化”阶段。随着“高分辨率对地观测系统”“载人航天和探月工程”两项国家科技重大专项的稳步推进,长征系列运载火箭进入空前忙碌时期。
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