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高桥飞架天路(砥砺奋进的5年・中国高度)

2017-08-26 03:40:52   新华网

位于贵州北盘江上的高桥

(贵州民族报网)

世界桥梁高度纪录在2016年12月29日这天被中国再次刷新,经过4年多建设,一座跨越中国云贵两省交界的北盘江大峡谷的桥梁正式通车。该桥东、西两岸的主桥墩高度分别达269米和247米,距河面565米,从而超越湖北四渡河特大桥,摘取了世界第一高桥的桂冠。桥飞架于高山之间,车行驶于白云之上,这分明是一段名副其实的天路。这就是人们在中国高桥之上的真实感受。

业界一般把桥面与桥底最深处高度超过150米的桥梁,称为“高桥”。中国幅员辽阔,地形地貌复杂多样,这就决定了在大规模升级交通基础设施的过程中,中国必须做好高桥建设这门功课。几十年来,特别是党的十八大以来,具有悠久建桥历史的中国在高桥建设科研和施工方面取得了突出成就,不仅克服了工程技术难题,而且取得了建造技术的重大突破,一批高桥在中国的山川河流上建成,使多少自古以来的天堑变成通途。据统计,在世界高桥排行中,除去如高空栈道、玻璃观景类桥梁,中国在前10中居然占了8席,在前100高桥中占81席,而这其中41座是在近5年内建成通车的。

高桥建设有其特殊的技术难度,施工建设要克服难以想象的困难。在建设北盘江特大桥时,施工就面临山峦叠嶂、沟谷纵横、地质复杂、气候恶劣等不利条件,遭遇5大难题:山区大体积承台混凝土温控,超高索塔机制砂高性能混凝土泵送,山区超重钢锚梁整体吊装,边跨高墩无水平力的钢桁梁顶推,大跨钢桁梁斜拉桥合龙。由跨领域组成的桥梁专家与施工团队密切协作,逐一克服了这些困难。比如,研制出一种“智能”混凝土,它具有高流动性和良好的抗离析泌水能力,能够仅依靠自身重力而无需施加振捣就能均匀密实填充成型,能够很好满足现代结构复杂和配筋密集的工程混凝土成型要求。在大瑞铁路澜沧江特大桥建设时,为适应其270米的高度,工程团队采用一种被称为“二次竖转”施工法,开世界建桥史之先河,顺利破解了施工难题,确保了工程进度。

中国高桥技术不仅给国人的出行和物流服务带来了革命性变化,而且已经大踏步走出国门,服务世界。几年来,中国桥梁建设企业在海外屡屡中标,斩获颇丰。高桥技术像高铁技术一样已经成为了“中国名片”。

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