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一线职工设计出盾构机新型始发方案

2017-08-25 08:32:07   中国青年网

针对地铁施工中,盾构机从城市路网中难以找到合适位置“入地”始发及盾构机不拆分整体“入地”的难题,一群在长春地铁施工的一线项目工程技术人员“脑洞大开”,设计出双斜向“入地”的π方案,极大提升了盾构作业效率。这项由一线职工自主研发的新技术已申请国家专利,经专家评审被认定为国内领先,具有广阔的运用前景。

2011年起,中国铁建二十二局集团一公司参与了长春地铁1号线、2号线三个标段建设,盾构施工总长度近8000延米。其中2号线线路长度1257米,900米采用盾构法施工。该隧道地质复杂,特别是盾构机始发方案成为制约工程进展的瓶颈。

在施工现场,项目部总工程师李建军指着繁忙的道路说,地铁盾构施工多是从车站始发。可他们担负的2号线南关站至烟厂站区间,受条件所限两端车站均为暗挖车站,且道路不具备交通导改的条件,盾构施工只能采取侧向始发的形式。

“很多时候我们进行技术创新,都是被逼出来的。”李建军说,根据原设计,盾构区间采取侧向始发的横通道垂直线路方向设置,盾构施工一次始发与接收后,再次进行始发与接收,盾构始发也必须分体始发,导致施工效率低下、施工周期较长。

面对紧张工期,项目部决定将1号线已检修完成的两台盾构机投入到2号线,可必须是等首台盾构机地下接收以后,另一台盾构机才能始发。“怎样才能让两台盾构机错开始发并同时施工?怎样实现盾构整体始发,以最大限度加快工程进展?”2013年5月,地铁2号线上场伊始,项目就成立技术攻关小组。他们首先找到国内长期对地铁侧向始发技术进行研究的专家,并对相关地铁项目进行考察,但发现国内研究局限在垂直侧向始发,多采取分体始发的方式,并没有对怎样实现盾构整体始发进行研究。

“必须跳出来,寻找新的出路!”在这种思想指导下,技术小组成员、项目部测量队长高江涛“脑洞大开”,提出“能否将与地铁垂直的横通道改为45度斜交?该方案的好处是,盾构机在竖井内组装完成后,通过横通道平移至掌子面进行掘进。两台盾构机均由此能进入隧道整体始发,不再像原来那样分体始发,节约成本数百万元。”

讨论发现,这一方案虽然有了突破,但出土与进料在一个横通道的矛盾却没有解决,会导致效率低下。

在电脑上绘出横通道与线路斜交的CAD图后,大家聚在一起七嘴八舌讨论着。这时,一名技术人员操作鼠标来回拖动CAD图,无意之中将CAD图反转过来,盾构机侧向π型即双竖井双横通道始发方案竟然这样轰然诞生!

为了准确地计算各种技术参数,技术小组不仅进行计算机模拟,还按照1:50的比例建立沙盘模型,反复试验,准确计算横通道与正线斜交角度、盾构机转体参数、曲线转弯半径等大量数据,并一遍遍优化施工方案。最终,经过14个月的努力,进行了20余次论证模拟试验,他们创造的盾构机侧向π型始发设计方案取得成功,并得到建设、设计单位和有关专家一致认可。

依靠这项重大创新,项目部至少节约工期半年。他们施工的2号线BT6标段盾构区间右线、左线,分别于今年6月26日、5月29日顺利贯通,取得了较好的经济和社会效益。

(孔祥文 张洪柱)

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