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如何提升制造业利用外资水平

2017-08-25 04:31:33   中国青年网

制造业是国家竞争力的重要体现,也是当前稳增长、调结构的战略支点。重视制造业是后国际金融危机时代经济大国争夺全球新的经济战略制高点的关键。我国是全球第一制造业大国,但目前我国制造业面临发达国家“高端回流”和发展中国家“中低端分流”的两端挤压,传统竞争优势逐步削弱,新的竞争优势尚未形成。

当前,我国制造业走出困境并维持国际竞争力的唯一出路在于转型升级。在开放环境下,实现《中国制造2025》提出的“三步走”战略,需要在全面参与国际竞争与合作中实现。切实提升利用外资水平,有效利用外资,与国外的企业在研发、技术、资本和人才等领域开展深度合作,将大大缩短转型升级的过程,真正打造制造业新优势。

外国投资推动中国成为世界工厂

改革开放后,我国制造业发展迅猛,其中外资发挥了极其重要的推动作用,不仅弥补了国内资金短缺,还带来了先进技术和境外市场需求,使我国在国际市场的比较优势得以充分发挥。

在我国制造业发展进程中,外资产生的外溢效应很显著。外商投资企业对我国制造业结构变革的积极作用体现在三个方面:一是释放了我国的生产要素优势,建立了出口导向型劳动密集产业的格局,成为我国出口贸易增长的主导因素;二是培育了我国原本不具备大规模出口能力的制造业部门,如电子、通讯、家电等行业,使这些行业在较短时间内融入国际供应链,使我国形成了符合国际市场要求的制造业平台;三是外商投资企业面向国内市场生产,替代了部分进口需求,加快了我国工业化现代化进程。

吸收外资在一定程度上促进了我国制造业的技术进步和产业升级,但总体也需要看到,外资把一些劳动密集型工序和环节配置在中国,引领性的关键技术不多,产品处于价值链的中低端,外资企业技术外溢与国内企业自主创新之间的联动性不强,对我国制造企业的技术提升效果低于预期。

制造业利用外资总体规模下降

近年来,我国制造业利用外资呈现总量下降、增速放缓甚至负增长、占比持续下降的趋势。商务部的统计数据显示,2017年1至4月,制造业实际利用外资717.2亿元,同比下降14%,占全国外资总量比重25%,同比下降4个百分点。

美国、德国和日本是公认的世界一流制造强国,在关键行业技术、先进材料和高端配备硬实力及品牌影响力、人力资源、法律法规体系等软实力方面都比较强,但这些国家在我国制造业的投资比例并不高。

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