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船舶工业仍需苦练内功

2017-08-25 04:26:27   中国青年网

今年以来,全球航运市场震荡加剧,船舶企业融资难、接船难、盈利难的问题没有根本缓解,船舶工业平稳健康发展仍面临较大挑战。业内专家认为,船舶工业还需以智能制造为主攻方向加快推进两化融合,不断提升制造技术水平和核心竞争力

今年以来,全球航运市场震荡加剧,国际原油价格低位徘徊,我国造船完工量同比大幅增长,新承接船舶订单降幅收窄,但手持订单持续下降,全球船舶市场仍在低谷徘徊,船舶企业融资难、接船难、盈利难的问题没有根本缓解,船舶工业平稳健康发展仍面临较大挑战。

市场仍在低谷徘徊

中国船舶工业行业协会最新统计显示,2017年1月份至7月份,全国造船完工2978万载重吨,同比增长55.1%。承接新船订单1324万载重吨,同比下降25.1%。截至7月底,手持船舶订单8028万载重吨,同比下降31.5%,比2016年底下降19.4%。

1月份至7月份,全国完工出口船2805万载重吨,同比增长59.6%;承接出口船订单1190万载重吨,同比下降18.4%;7月末手持出口船订单7450万载重吨,同比下降32.2%。同期,船舶行业80家重点监测企业实现主营业务收入1510亿元,同比下降9%;利润总额18亿元,同比下降28%。

上半年,我国骨干船舶企业积极开拓市场,批量承接17.4万立方米液化天然气(LNG)船、8.4万立方米超大型气体运输船(VLGC)、11.5万吨成品油船、1.75万吨化学品船、1.55万吨货物滚装船、1.3万吨甲板运输船和极地探险邮轮等一批高技术、高附加值船舶订单。上半年,我国造船完工量、新接订单量、手持订单量均位居全球第一。

另一方面,船舶市场总体仍处在低谷区间。2017年二季度中国造船产能利用监测指数为649点,与2016年二季度610点相比,提高39点,同比增长6.4%;与2017年一季度670点相比,下降21点,环比下降3.1%,指数比年初有所回落,仍处于偏冷区间。

具体来看,二季度航运市场震荡下行,骨干造船企业手持订单持续下降,先行指标降幅明显。骨干企业主营业务收入、营业利润率等同步指标环比小幅增长,产能利用情况与一季度相比略有下降。

我国新承接船舶订单已连续14个月小于完工量。受此影响,我国船企手持船舶订单持续下降。大部分船企生产任务安排只能维持到2018年,2019年船台(坞)空置率明显上升,部分船企开工船舶严重不足,企业连续生产能力面临严峻挑战。

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