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水资源税改革,不只是费改税

2017-08-25 04:16:46   中国青年网

资源税是为了调节资源级差收入并体现国有资源有偿使用而征收的税种。我国全面推进资源税改革已经一年,第三方机构评估认为,改革达到了试点预期目标,具有可推广性,为下一步扩大试点范围积累了经验——

从2016年7月1日起,我国全面推进资源税改革,其中一项重要内容是在河北省开展水资源税试点,采取水资源费改税方式,将地表水和地下水纳入征税范围,实行从量定额计征。

如今,这项改革试点已经一年,改革进展情况如何?财政部等相关部委组织第三方机构评估认为,河北省水资源税改革达到了试点预期目标,具有可推广性,为下一步扩大试点范围积累了经验。

破解体制机制难题

资源税是为了调节资源级差收入并体现国有资源有偿使用而征收的税种。从世界范围看,俄罗斯、巴西等多国开征了水资源税。考虑到我国水资源短缺、部分地区地下水超采严重等问题,开征水资源税成为大势所趋。

水资源费改税改革为何没有一步在全国铺开,河北为何被确定为改革唯一试点省份?主要是因为取用水资源涉及面广、情况复杂,为确保改革平稳有序实施,国家先在水资源匮乏、地下水超采严重的河北开展试点。在总结试点经验基础上,将选择其他地区逐步扩大试点范围,条件成熟后在全国推开。

“河北省是全国水资源最贫乏的省份之一,也是唯一没有大江大河过境的省份,水资源先天不足,近几年亩均水资源量为220立方米,人均水资源量为307立方米,均为全国平均水平的七分之一左右。”河北省财政厅副厅长李杰刚介绍说。

同时,由于长期严重缺水,河北地下水超采总量及超采面积均占全国三分之一。水利专家、河北省水文水资源勘测局原总工刘克岩表示,河北已成为全国最大的地下水漏斗区,由此引发了一系列民生、生态和地质灾害问题。

“河北试点水资源税改革,时间紧、任务重且没有经验可循。”李杰刚说。2016年5月份,财政部、国家税务总局和水利部联合发布了《水资源税改革试点暂行办法》,对试点作出框架性规定。河北在此基础上制定出台《水资源税改革试点实施办法》,并围绕基础管理、征收管理等制定了15个配套专件。

对于制定政策的思路,李杰刚表示,“我们严格把握政策尺度,合理测算确定税额标准,在正常生产生活用水负担水平不变和促进水资源节约使用、抑制地下水超采之间寻找平衡点”。

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