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社保扶贫新政“对症开方”接地气

2017-08-24 15:10:05   央广网

近日,人社部与财政部、国务院扶贫办联合发布《关于切实做好社会保险扶贫工作的意见》(以下简称《意见》),《意见》明确提出4项社保扶贫新政,包括减轻贫困人员参加社保的缴费负担、减轻贫困人员医疗费用负担、适时提高养老保险待遇,以及社保对贫困人员优先等。密织网、减负担、提待遇、强保障,民之所望正是施政所向。

兜底“最后一批人”

关注农民合同工、建筑业农民工、参保非就业生育妇女、重大疾病及工伤尘肺病患者,是《意见》着眼于细微,紧接地气的亮点之一。

《意见》明确,农民合同制工人在用人单位依法为其缴纳失业保险费满1年,劳动合同期满不续订或提前与其解除劳动合同后,可申领一次性生活补助。

在农民工缴纳社保方面,明确做好建筑业农民工按项目参加工伤保险工作,对用工方式灵活、流动性大、建档立卡农村贫困劳动力相对集中的行业,探索按项目等方式参加工伤保险。用人单位招用农民合同制工人应当依法缴纳失业保险费,农民合同制工人本人不缴纳失业保险费。同时,《意见》提出,要依法将包括农民工在内的合同制工人纳入生育保险,由用人单位缴纳生育保险费,职工个人不缴费。

在工伤医疗方面,此次新政还专门点到了“尘肺病”,政策明确,对工伤尘肺病患者,按规定将疗效可靠的尘肺病治疗药物列入工伤保险药品目录,将符合医疗诊疗规范的尘肺病治疗技术和手段纳入工伤保险基金支付范围。

此外,政策还关注了非就业的女性的医疗保险困难。《意见》提出,将参加城乡居民基本医疗保险的非就业妇女符合条件的住院分娩医疗费用纳入城乡居民基本医疗保险报销范围。

中国社会科学院劳动与社会保障研究中心主任王延中评价道,“《意见》集中回答一个问题,那就是如何在其他扶贫举措无能为力的地方,发挥社保功能,打通‘最后一公里’,兜底‘最后一批人’。”

让患者避免因病返贫

参保与待遇方面,《意见》提出“适度优先”。要求对贫困人员参加城乡居民基本医疗保险个人缴费部分要由财政给予补贴。而对与贫困人员的医疗费用问题,则通过降低起付线、提高报销比例和封顶线等倾斜性政策,实行精准支付。对贫困人员中已核准的因病致贫返贫患者,通过加强基本医保、大病保险和医疗救助有效衔接和“一站式”即时结算,减轻患者垫资压力,提高其医保受益水平,减少因病致贫返贫。

“社会保险制度须在公平性和激励性的两极间寻找平衡点。党和政府在强化‘多缴多得、长缴多得’激励约束机制的同时,也具有公平性导向,侧重社保调解收入分配、维护社会稳定、完成兜底扶贫任务等功能。”王延中表示,社保不仅具有相对被动的“防贫”作用,还具有积极、主动的“扶贫”作用。

此外,《意见》还明确“十三五”期间,认定农村低保和扶贫对象时,中央确定的城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金暂不计入家庭收入。这不仅意味着,贫困人口未来的养老金待遇将有望提高,而且,这笔收入的提高将不会影响他们认定为“低保或扶贫对象”的参数。

专家告诉记者,这么多惠民利好的社保政策,要着实宣传到位,要让困难群众等被扶助对象切实了解政策、用好政策,这才是“对症开方”的意义所在。(权 敬)

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