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新华社近期一篇调查报道指出,骚扰电话已形成利益产业链,但相关监管却不到位,部分地区公安、工商、网信、运营商等均表示不归其管。追问监管缺位的形成原因,对骚扰电话没有定义是不能被忽视的。在现行法律框架下,“骚扰电话”尚未被明确为法律名词,一定程度上凸显了它的复杂性。一则,电话推销是一种合法的营销方式,到什么程度才算“骚扰”具有主观性,当前主要靠消费者自发标记的形式来体现;二则,骚扰电话包含电信诈骗,自去年徐玉玉案发生以来,最高检先联合最高法、公安部出台《关于办理电信网络诈骗等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》,后与最高法出台《关于办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,规定了电信诈骗的一般情形和追责机制。以上,在合法和违法之间形成“灰色地带”,导致一般意义上的骚扰电话成了监管盲区。
然而,这并不意味着骚扰电话是无解难题。去年送审的《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法实施条例》第二十三条明确规定:“未经消费者明确同意或者请求,经营者不得向消费者的固定电话、移动电话等通讯设备……发送商业性电子信息或者拨打商业性推销电话”,其中提出把“消费者同意”作为前置条件的思路就颇为可行。只有解决了“打给谁”的问题,才能依次捋清“谁在打”“怎么打”。先说“谁在打”,如果消费者未曾授权即收到电话,对方就已构成“骚扰”嫌疑,尤其在没有告知联系方式的前提下,对方如果通过信息购买的方式获知,更可追究刑事责任。又如“怎么打”,保监会规定电话销售时间并全程录音就有启发价值,其思路是充分考量消费者感受。此外,对于“呼死你”“一声响”等反复拨打、用不同号码轰炸性拨打等,也应出台具体举措。
网络时代更需要“信息避难所”。随着信息技术发展,个人信息保护正以前所未有的紧迫感进入监管视野。把个人信息看成一种权利,并且通过立法、执法保护这种权利,对骚扰电话说“不”是个很好的切入点。
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