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点“绿”成金还需统一标准细则

2017-08-24 08:38:26   中国青年网

□ 本报记者 王新蕾

本报通讯员 石晓静

7月31日,青岛农商银行在全国银行间市场发行2017年第一期绿色金融债券,发行规模10亿元,期限3年,票面利率4.7%。这是山东省农信系统中首单成功发行的绿色金融债券,也是国内农商银行发行绿色金融债券规模最大的一单。

绿色金融债券是指为支持环境改善、应对气候变化的绿色项目提供资金支持,依法发行的、按约定还本付息的有价证券。

青岛农商银行金融市场中心副总经理王帆表示:“绿色项目往往周期较长,一般要两到三年,与传统信贷模式中储户存款存在时限错配问题。金融债券时限较长,能做到与绿色项目步调一致。”他表示,青岛农商银行本次发行的绿色金融债券期限为3年,与中长期的绿色产业项目周期基本匹配。

针对绿色产业项目收益率较低等问题,绿色债券在商业上是否可持续?王帆说:“要看相关利差、利率情况和是否有合适的产业项目。”

此次发行绿色金融债券,青岛农商银行共注册了40亿元额度,目前计划投向节能、污染防治、资源节约和循环利用、清洁交通、清洁能源、生态保护和适应气候变化等6大类24个绿色项目。“7月31日发行的10亿元,主要用于水务公司清淤河道、建筑废物循环利用、生态农业食品这3个项目。剩下的30亿元额度,也将在一年内完成投放。目前正在考察的还有废水加工利用、清洁交通等项目。”青岛农商银行信贷管理部项目经理刘忠斌说。

据介绍,绿色金融债券为金融机构通过债券市场筹集资金支持环保、节能、清洁能源、清洁交通等绿色产业项目创新了筹资渠道,有利于增加绿色信贷特别是中长期绿色信贷的有效供给,对解决企业和银行的期限错配问题也有重要作用。

点“绿”成金,听上去很美,但在实际操作中还面临不少难题。

由于缺少详细标准,项目选择上有一定难度。刘忠斌说:“中国金融学会发布的《绿色债券支持项目目录》没有详细的标准。比如绿色建筑提到要符合二星级标准,但后文也没提到具体二星级如何评定,我们还需要去住建部门了解情况;在节能技术改造方面,提到要符合某某目录,这需要去查询另一目录,增加了操作难度。”

此外,上述目录与国家发改委发布的《绿色债券发行指引》对绿色债券支持项目的筛选标准还不统一,也影响了绿色项目库建设进程。“为了便于操作,信贷管理部综合几个目录情况及当地实际情况,自己制订了一份项目目录,需请第三方机构对每个项目进行考察、认证,相当于再把关,影响了进程。”刘忠斌说。

据介绍,目前我国绿色债券的市场规范、认定标准、监督管理体系尚未完备,未来需要更清晰且权威的规范和标准,比如绿色债券的定义、资金的用途、信息披露要求、项目筛选等,特别是绿色项目库筛选标准和绿色信贷统计标准;还要完善绿色债券交易制度,推进环境权益交易市场等绿色金融基础设施建设。

除此之外,发债审批效率也待提高。王帆提到:“一方面是发债时间较长,最顺利也要3个月;另一方面,存在供需时间差的问题,募集资金来的时间不好掌控,需要与企业沟通,也有可能企业项目来了,但是信贷指标满了。”

由于绿色项目投资大、回收周期长、回报率低,且具有很强的环境外部性,在目前缺乏再贷款、财政贴息、风险补偿机制等政策支持和激励机制的情况下,金融机构、社会资本参与绿色项目、绿色金融的积极性不高。对此,有业内人士建议,为了更好保障绿色债券的顺利发行,地方财政部门应尽快建立财政贴息、费用减免、税收优惠、风险补偿等支持政策,切实降低绿色债券融资成本。

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