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仁济成功实施千例小儿肝移植

2017-08-24 08:23:37   中国青年网

本报讯(记者 黄杨子)在为患有先天性胆道闭锁的6个月大河南女娃元元顺利实施活体肝移植手术之后,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院肝脏外科主任夏强团队昨天宣布:团队已成功完成1000例儿童肝移植,数量约为全国儿童肝移植总数的二分之一,仁济医院由此成为近6年来全世界完成儿童肝移植手术最多的医院。

元元抓住了救命稻草

元元出生于今年2月3日,出生第4天时就发现了黄疸,服药后无效,后来在当地医院确诊为先天性胆道闭锁。由于当时已错过葛西手术最佳时间且并发了肝硬化,肝移植成为最后的救命稻草。一家人来到上海仁济医院,检查后发现,虽然元元和母亲配型成功,但全家5口人生活极其贫困。在中国宋庆龄基金会中芯国际贫困小儿胆道闭锁项目的资助下,元元终于在昨天接受了肝移植手术,她的母亲给予肝左外叶切除后捐肝给宝宝。

夏强介绍,手术中发现患儿的门静脉由于术前反复发作的胆管炎导致狭窄,血管条件不佳,门静脉血流不足,如果直接把供肝移植上去可能由于血流不足导致手术失败。医生随即调整了手术方案,采用患儿自体病肝上的废血管进行了门静脉补片整形,使门静脉血流恢复到了最佳状态,手术取得圆满成功。

最近两年手术量激增

2006年10月,仁济医院成功开展了第一例儿童肝移植手术。夏强说:“到完成第500例时,我们用了近十年。但为了让更多患儿不因为供体短缺而失去最后的治疗机会,接下来在不到两年的时间里,我们又完成了500例。”千例儿童肝移植手术中,约80%以上是小儿活体肝移植,来自贫困地区的超过70%,由各类基金会资助完成手术的约占60%。

据悉,我国每年大约有近3000名儿童由于各种先天性疾病导致婴幼儿终末期肝硬化,其中,最常见的先天性胆道闭锁由于胆管“实心”、胆汁无法排出,造成患儿不可逆的肝损伤,如果没有积极有效的治疗,90%会在1岁以内因为肝功能衰竭而死亡。

十几年来,为了突破肝移植相关技术,实现中国肝移植从量变到质变的飞跃,夏强团队相继开展多种技术,涵盖20余种儿童肝脏及遗传代谢性疾病,手术时间从最初的13个小时缩短到5至6小时,肝移植手术成功率超过98%,1年及5年总体生存率分别达90%和80%以上。

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