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做空人民币者必被打脸

2017-08-24 05:21:47   中国青年网

8月22日,人民币对美元中间价突破6.66关口,报6.6597,创最近一年以来新高。回想起年初人民币一度逼近7的整数大关,看空人民币声音四起,不少人更是纷纷将人民币兑换成美元,结果这些人现在都遭受到人民币升值带来的损失。回想起去年年初人民日报的评论文章:“做空”中国只会做空自己;做空中国者,不但难以逆势获利,最终还将失去与一个蒸蒸日上、欣欣向荣的大国共同成长的机会。同样的道理,做空人民币者不但难以获利,反而也将失去人民币长期升值带来的财富增长机会。

就在本月初,上海证券报报道了一位外汇投资者在外汇市场上做空人民币,结果一周亏了10万美元。不仅如此,从去年年底到今年年初,不少跟风看空人民币的投资客也是损失惨重。相对年初的6.9666低点,今年以来人民币对美元升值幅度已经超过4.5%。如果再考虑到美元理财产品和人民币理财产品平均3%以上的年化收益率差距,以一个人满额兑换5万美元计算,年初到现在投资者的损失将超过2万元人民币。由此可见,逆势做空人民币,最终的结果就是损失惨重。

为什么人民币今年会如此强势呢?其最根本的逻辑是中国经济基本面向好,让人民币汇率底气十足。上半年GDP同比增长6.9%,明显好于年初预期,世界银行等多家国际组织也纷纷上调中国全年GDP增速预测;通胀保持稳定,今年CPI预计整体保持在1.5%左右,有助于保障人民币购买力,形成支撑长期汇率的基本面;国际收支重回“双顺差”,且外汇储备连续增长,资本流出态势逆转;监管加强大幅降低金融系统风险,资本市场对外开放持续推进,这些都是对人民币汇率构成强大支撑的重要因素。

当然,除了这些内部因素外,外部因素也不可忽视。从美元情况看,今年以来特朗普新政一直不及预期,美元指数一路回落,一度跌破93关口,人民币顺势走升也是顺理成章。不仅如此,今年6月,欧洲央行宣布将价值5亿欧元的外汇储备从美元转换成人民币。据统计,全球已有50多个境外央行和货币当局在中国境内持有人民币金融资产并纳入其外汇储备。人民币的“国际范”越来越强,这也为其货币形象和信誉带来积极影响,从而给人民币汇率提供支撑。

不可否认的是,人民币汇率近两年在合理均衡水平上保持稳定的同时,也出现了一定程度的波动,甚至一度有较大调整的幅度。以2015年“811汇改”为里程碑,我国采取了一系列措施完善人民币汇率市场化形成机制。作为金融市场,必然有升有降,货币汇率走势本身就是曲线波动,而非直线运动,因此出现一定程度的波动是正常的,以后也将是市场常态,这是人民币汇率机制市场化水平提升的必经之路。但长期来看,任何价格的波动,最后都会回归基本面,汇率也不例外。中国经济基本面稳中向好,国际收支平稳、经常项目顺差,都支持着人民币的强势货币地位。因此,人民币汇率有能力中长期保持强势稳健运行,“人民币汇率不存在持续贬值基础”不会成为一句空话。

“过去238年,没有人靠押注自己的国家崩溃而获得巨大成功的”,这是股神巴菲特的名言。人民币和中国经济一样,正走在长期稳健运行的道路上,指望逆势投资、做空人民币的行为,最终的结果必将是失败的,投资者最终也必然是亏损的。面对外汇市场的波动,投资者要保持清醒头脑,对人民币多一点信心。

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