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皮肤破损早期处理用药

2017-08-23 16:51:43   中国青年网

供图/视觉中国

2017年8月7日至14日,北京急救中心共派出急救车辆7293车次,外伤1267例,位居第一位;同比去年增加165例,这与夏季人们户外活动时间的增加密切相关。首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院西院急诊科副主任医师徐爱民表示,皮肤破损后如果处理不及时、不正确,有可能带来伤口的感染、不愈合等问题。人们熟悉的皮肤破损早期用药各有所长,选择不当会影响伤口愈合。

伤后有皮肤破损且沾染了灰尘、泥土等污染物,需用流动的自来水或泉水将污染物冲洗干净,再使用适当的外伤用药。

碘伏对黏膜无刺激

碘伏是杀菌消毒剂,与酒精、碘酒相比,碘伏引起的疼痛刺激较轻微,对黏膜无刺激,无腐蚀,可用于皮肤、黏膜的消毒,也可处理烫伤等,它还能在创面上形成一层保护膜,有利于创面的愈合,皮肤创面消毒需保留2分钟以上时间。

碘伏的有效期一般是两年,家庭使用最好选取100毫升小瓶包装,避光、阴凉处保存即可。

碘酒和酒精刺激皮肤

皮肤消毒处理时一般都会想到碘酒、酒精这一经典组合。2%碘酒是常用皮肤消毒剂,具有较强的杀菌收敛作用,但对皮肤有一定刺激作用,不适于黏膜损伤,用碘酒消毒皮肤后需要及时用酒精涂擦脱碘。

70%~75%的酒精可用于皮肤消毒,但酒精很容易被皮肤吸收,且对黏膜有明显刺激作用,对有黏膜破损的皮肤破损不适宜。另外,儿童皮肤损伤不建议使用酒精处理创面。

长期使用双氧水对黏膜和组织愈合不利

双氧水具有较强的渗透性和氧化作用,医学上常用双氧水来清洗创口和局部抗菌,当其与皮肤、黏膜的伤口、脓液或污染物相遇时,立即分解生成氧,杀灭细菌后剩余的物质是无任何毒害、无任何刺激作用的水。因此,双氧水是伤口消毒理想的消毒剂。但不能用浓度大的双氧水进行伤口消毒,以防灼伤皮肤,长期使用对黏膜和组织愈合不利,且家庭中不易有效保存。

百多邦和红霉素软膏适用于外伤后皮肤感染

局部外用抗生素,适用于外伤后的皮肤感染。局部涂于患处将伤口创面保护,必要时可用敷科包扎或覆盖,对以上药物过敏者禁用。

红药水和紫药水建议少用

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