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“嫦娥之父”欧阳自远畅谈探月

2017-08-23 09:48:55   中国青年网

欧阳自远接受本报记者专访

国际永久编号第8919号小行星,2014年被命名为“欧阳自远星”,以此表彰“嫦娥之父”、中科院院士欧阳自远对中国探月工程的杰出贡献。这位我国著名的地球化学与天体化学家,曾经10年间的中国月球探测工程首席科学家、目前仍担任中国月球探测工程领导小组高级顾问的82岁睿智长者,8月22日在兰接受了本报记者的专访。据欧阳自远院士透露,嫦娥5号计划于年内发射,嫦娥4号将于2018年发射,2020年是火星探测的“窗口期”,将开展中国首次火星探测。

A

嫦娥5号今年首次采月球样品后返回

“中国的月球探测经历了从1958至1993年长达35年的跟踪调研与综合分析。1978年,美国的卡特总统赠送给中国1克重的月球岩石,是阿波罗17号飞船从月球表面带回来的。通过系统的精细分析、测试与研究,我们写出了14篇论文。出版了《月质学研究进展》和《天体化学》专著。结合国情,提出中国月球探测的设想。”欧阳自远在专访前所做的大会报告《地外物质中国稀有气体同位素研究》中如是说。

“按原定计划,嫦娥5号2017年‘十九大’后发射,仍为无人探测。”欧阳自远解析嫦娥5号的任务时说,“嫦娥5号”作为中国首个执行月面取样返回任务的探测器总重8.2吨,由轨道器、返回器、着陆器和上升器组成。其一,“嫦娥5号”软着陆后将以电铲铲取月球土壤;其二,用钻机在月球上打钻,打孔并以取芯套环取出岩芯,这样可以保持月岩原有的结构,了解月岩的分布和资源状况。所有的月样封装后按流程放入返回舱。“采样和打钻取样都已在地面做过多次试验。”

欧阳自远说,在这次任务中,装好样品的返回舱起飞离开月面,之后与绕月飞行的飞船自主交会对接,再由飞船带返回舱返回地球。飞回并释放进入大气层的返回舱,将以接近第二宇宙速度的11公里/每秒飞速插入大气层,为避免被烧毁,就采取了半弹道返回大气层的方式,“控制返回舱跳出地球大气层,然后再进入地球大气层,‘就像小孩用石头在水面打水漂’,速度降下来之后,降落在内蒙古四子王旗航天英雄杨利伟落下的地方”。可以说,嫦娥5号出征已经万事俱备。

月球样品返回地球后的研究工作已经部署,已有20多家有基础、各具优势特色的研究所、大学,将开展多领域、多学科研究。首先是对样品的处理、分装、保存,免于在地球上受到污染,保存的地点其中一处在北京的地面应用系统。然后,各科研单位可以提出申请,经过审批后分配月球样品以供研究。月球样品研究也不是来了就做实验,之前要先对模拟样品进行方法、技术流程等多项试验,保证真正的月球样品用在“刀刃”上,最后公布研究成果。

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