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我国云量近十年增加了

2017-08-23 04:26:43   中国青年网

我国总云量南北差异较大,纬度越高,云量越少。同一纬度,东部云量多于西部,其中,西南地区东部、东北地区东部、新疆西北部地区云量相对较多。

中国天气网提供图表

我国总云量分布与季风气候特征密切相关。夏季时云量最多,尤其5、6、7这三个月平均总云量可达6至7成,冬季云量普遍较少。

张永宁

编者导读

俗话说:七月八月看巧云。阴历的七八月,天高云淡,空中常挂满了千姿百态的云朵。有些细心的人发现,比起从前,现在的云好像增多了。果然如此吗?

天上云量如何测算

卫星云图和地面观测相结合

云不仅仅是可以用来欣赏的,还是我们“识天”的好工具。自古以来,劳动人民在生产、生活的实践中,积累了很多“出门看天气”的宝贵经验。所谓“看天”,其实主要是看云。

我国关于云与天气变化的记载,可以追溯到殷商时期。在河南挖掘出的甲骨文中就有“冬云自南,雨”的卜辞。此外,老百姓通过长时间观察云和天气,留下了很多相关谚语,例如“低云不走,大雨淋头”、“朝霞不出门,晚霞行千里”等。

云是悬浮在大气中的小水滴、过冷水滴、冰晶或它们的混合物组成的可见聚合体,有时候也包含一些较大的雨滴、冰粒和雪晶。云块占据天空的面积就是云量,计算单位为“成”,云是一种重要的天气现象,云在天气和气候及全球变化中起到十分重要的作用。它在气候系统中最主要的作用之一就是调节地气系统的辐射能量平衡。同时,云的外形特征和云量大小,可以清楚地反映出当前的大气环流和天气状况,因此云是重要的气象观测要素之一。

随着科技的发展,气象上的很多观测项目已经改为自动化或半自动化。而当前云的观测既有气象卫星提供的卫星云图,也有由地面气象观测员定时进行的人工观测。这是因为,卫星云图可以清楚地反映出较大范围内云的分布和演变,而地面气象站云的观测报告则是各地天空中的云和天气状况的详细记载,两者相辅相成。

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