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芮沐:从租界走出的法学大家

2017-08-22 08:26:39   中国青年网

芮沐先生已经去世六年有余了。在民法总则即将生效的2017年,人们仍会提起当年“不看好”民法的芮沐先生。在他看来,制定民法典之路漫长且艰难,不如“另辟蹊径”制定一系列“经济法”,为日新月异的经济建设保驾护航——而今回头看,公司法、证券法等经济法律,确实也承担起了这一期望,为民法典的稳健推进争取了时间,积累了经验。而这里要说的,是芮沐先生光辉人生中的两个微小片断。

法律救国的切肤之痛

这位中国经济法的奠基人出生于晚清。他本是浙江吴兴人,家中从事纸业生意,以将江西的纸张贩卖到浙江、上海为生。随着生意规模逐渐扩大,他家搬到了上海郊区的南翔镇。于是,他就读于浦东小学,当时浦东小学并不在今天的浦东,而是位于法租界。小学毕业后,芮沐进入了一所位于英租界的教会学校。“因为那个时候中国已经是半殖民地半封建社会,所以比较好一点的学校都是外国教会学校。我读的中学叫马克密林中学……我从小就在殖民地半殖民地社会长大,你们根本想象不到。”芮沐先生所说的“想象不到”,指的是在租界里中国人受到歧视和伤害,且寻求救济无门的境遇。芮沐的二哥被外国人无故殴打致死,而在租界打官司,只能到会审公廨寻求救济。会审公廨是外国领事在中国租界内设立的联合法庭。这类联合法庭始设于1864年5月。在英国驻上海领事巴夏礼提议下,上海道与英美领事馆会同英副领事开庭审理租界内的案件,创立了“洋泾浜北首理事衙门”。五年后,该法庭被正式改组为会审公廨。然而,会审公廨在审判时对华人的不公却是出了名的。特别是华人不熟悉英美法律,也不习惯聘请律师。官司总是输。芮沐的二哥也是一样,最终伤重不治,凶手却仍然逍遥法外。

带着愤怒,芮沐从震旦大学文学系转投了法律专业。多年后他回忆起来:“我从小就生长在租界,很少与外界接触,所以感到一片茫然,连国家的观念都没有。看到外国人用法律产生了感性认识。”然而,“法律救国的思想是后来衍生出来的,可不是感性认识……因为在租界里受人家的法律管制,心中不平,把法律当成一种(解救自己的)工具”。二哥的含冤早逝,更是激发了他学习法律的念头。因此从震旦大学毕业,有机会前往巴黎学习时,他坚定地选择了法律专业。此后,他又前往法兰克福大学攻读法学博士学位,并在学成归国后投身法律教育和法制建设,在中国法律史上留下不可磨灭的名字。

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