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印度陆军采购“阿帕奇”,与空军“对着干”?

2017-08-22 08:22:24   中国青年网

■本报记者 安峥

据印度媒体报道,印度国防采购委员会近日批准了一项耗资约6.5亿美元、为陆军购买6架美国“阿帕奇”武装直升机的计划。今后,印度陆军将首次拥有自己的武装直升机,结束了印度空军在“地盘战”中的长期垄断。

两个军种存在“积怨”

《印度斯坦时报》刊文称,在印度防长杰特利主导下,国防部最高权力机构国防采购委员会“不顾空军反对”,拍板为陆军购买6架“阿帕奇”。这项军购计划以及相关设备预计将耗资6.5亿美元,最快2020年向印度陆军交付。

据报道,这次的购买计划也是印度2015年与美国政府、波音公司签署的军购合同的“后续选择”。当时,印度向美国购买了22架“阿帕奇”武装直升机和15架“奇努克”直升机,总价值近30亿美元。

多年来,武装直升机一直列在印度陆军的愿望清单上。但到目前为止,陆军仍然只有“北极星”“猎豹”等非武装直升机。当陆军需要使用武装直升机时,必须向空军征用。印度空军目前有两个俄制米—25和米—35武装直升机中队。2015年订购的22架美制“阿帕奇”直升机已部分交付,预计将于2018年开始在空军服役(并不是陆军)。

其实,约十年前,当印度空军第一次提议购买“阿帕奇”武装直升机时,陆军也提出了为其航空部队采购这款直升机的理由。但空军担心自己的角色会被削弱,因此强烈反对。此后,围绕“由谁掌控印度武装直升机编队”,两大军种展开了激烈的拉锯战。

2012年,时任印度国家安全顾问的尚卡尔·梅农决定,购买的任何新武装直升机都要进入陆军。然而,空军反驳说,最新的采购进程在2012年前就开始了。2014年,印度国防部原则上同意为陆军配备武装直升机。2015年,印度签署22架“阿帕奇”直升机订单后,陆军曾提出与空军分享直升机管理权,但遭空军否决。有评论称,当时22架“阿帕奇”直升机订单的谈判之所以旷日持久,就缘于不同军种间的激烈摩擦。

正因上述“积怨”,此次印度国防部不顾空军反对、为陆军撑腰的计划,让陆军上下“欢呼雀跃”。有陆军退休军官说,“陆军航空部队已经赢得了这场不同军种间的较量,将打破空军垄断,拥有自己的武装直升机中队。”

能力与“野心”不匹配

分析人士指出,印度陆军和空军之所以会上演“直升机争夺战”,既因为印度缺乏对国防体系建设的全盘规划,也缘于其仍处于较低水平的军工能力与不断膨胀的心理需要之间的极不匹配。

事实上,陆军对于武装直升机还有更大“野心”。据报道,陆军早在两年前便在推动一项购买39架“阿帕奇”直升机、编成3个航空中队的计划,这一计划已被国防部接受。这些直升机将携带导弹,驻扎在印度与中国和巴基斯坦的边境地区;一旦发生冲突,将被用于在机械化战场上摧毁对方坦克、装甲车和防御阵地。

除了“阿帕奇”,陆军还在考虑购买由印度斯坦航空有限公司(HAL)建造的轻型战斗直升机(LCH)。尽管该款直升机仍处于研发阶段,但国防部已向外披露,有意订购逾百架。

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