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珍惜“废墟”资源

2017-08-22 07:32:24   中国青年网

所谓“废墟”是指含有一定历史文化信息、具有文物价值的建筑遗存,跟那些没有时间距离的、遭受天灾或人为破坏的瓦砾堆与废弃地没有关系。废墟这两个字目前在我国绝大多数同胞的心目中还只是一个跟文化和美学不相干的贬义词,甚至《现代汉语词典》对“废墟”一词的解释也仅仅是“城市、村庄遭受破坏或天灾后变成的荒凉地方”。诚然,按照中国文化去理解,现代汉语词典的解释并没有错;但若用世界知识来衡量就很不够。欧洲自近代以来“废墟”这个语词的含义有了明显的丰富和扩充,被赋予了文化和美学的内涵,变成了学术概念。

众所周知,文物的外部特征通常是以陈旧或残破的面貌出现的。文物的这一特性往往使它“藏在深闺无人识”,甚至因此遭遇厄运:要么被人弃如敝屣,要么被人涂脂抹粉,失去本色。对废墟美的欣赏程度取决于一个国家文明发展程度及其国民的文化水平。培养废墟审美意识的途径主要不是靠知识灌输,而是文物保护过程中的工程实践。文物破损或濒危,免不了维修,但“修旧如旧”,还是修葺一新?这是个原则问题。前者是国际公认的通则。可在我们这里,后者却成了常见现象。这种对文物认知的错位延缓了国民文物意识,特别是废墟审美意识的觉醒。这一现象值得有关专家反思。(叶廷芳/文据2017年7月21日《光明日报》)

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