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在“烂豆腐”上打洞 甘孜最难建公路隧道有望年底贯通

2017-08-22 07:26:39   中国青年网

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“仅剩300多米,海子山隧道就可贯通了!”8月中旬,刚刚从甘孜州回来的廖琪斌高兴地对记者说。作为石马路项目建设常务副指挥长,眼见攻克5年之久的最后节点即将打通,他兴奋不已。

省道217线石渠至马尼干戈公路改建项目于2012年开建,由省交通运输厅交通勘察设计研究院代建。项目全线217公里,其中长2公里多的海子山隧道是公认的甘孜州地质条件最差、最难建的公路隧道。

□本报记者 王眉灵

在“烂豆腐”上打洞每天掘进2米左右

海子山隧道有多难建?廖琪斌打了个比方:“我们就是在一块烂豆腐上打洞,而且,这块烂豆腐还有一部分泡在水里。”

廖琪斌介绍,从地质围岩划分而言,Ⅴ级是越岭隧道地质最差的级别,而海子山隧道围岩几乎全为Ⅴ级,甚至其中还有较长段落为Ⅴ级特,需要进行特殊设计才能开挖。围岩极软,不仅不能爆破,连挖掘机开挖都得小心翼翼,以防止坍塌。渗水严重,多处断裂带甚至涌水,加大了施工难度。“从建设初起,涌水、突泥、坍塌等多种险情就一直伴随,开挖掘进特别困难。”

一般地质稍差的隧道,分两个作业面开挖即可,还能利用爆破加快进度。而海子山隧道地质极差,必须采用三个作业面甚至更多作业面开挖。施工队伍只能把一个工序分解成多个循环来完成,用挖掘机开挖时,只能像考古一样,一点点、一点点慢慢挖。

同时,海子山隧道所在地海拔超过4370米,高原、高海拔、高寒“三高”突出,每年的有效施工工期仅6个月-8个月,加上在高原缺氧、低温等环境下,机械设备效率低,因此隧道施工进度十分缓慢。目前,两家施工单位分别从两头同时往里掘进,每天可掘进2米左右,而在普通的地质条件下,隧道每天可以掘进5米—8米。

环境恶劣留不住人5年累计有3000多人施工

不过,这些客观环境的困难,在廖琪斌看来,都不如“留不住人”难。

挖掘、操作机械都需要施工人员,但石马路项目整体海拔在4000米以上,平时“走路都喘”;在缺氧的条件下还要干活,难度可想而知。虽然各标段设置了集中供氧室,但工人流动仍十分频繁。5年来,累计在海子山隧道施工的工人已有3000多人。

流水的工人,铁打的营盘。工人可以走,但负责项目管理的人却不能走。

石马路是省道217线的重要组成路段、甘孜州主要路网组成路段之一,沿线串起了石渠县、德格县的10个乡镇,项目建成后对当地经济带动效应大;这条路也是四川通往青海玉树的大通道。

在甘孜州交通建设集中攻坚的关键时期,受甘孜州委、州政府之邀和省交通运输厅之托,省交通运输厅交通勘察设计研究院伸出援手,由院领导挂帅,抽调技术骨干组成该项目建设管理指挥部进行代建。为了推进建设,指挥部在海子山隧道附近就地设置活动板房驻地,靠前指挥。指挥部管理人员住在工地上,每两个月才回家一次,就这样过了5年。“到工地要缺氧,回成都就醉氧。”廖琪斌笑说,每次来回都要头疼几天才能适应。

目前,石马路项目除海子山外均已建成,海子山隧道建设也在推进中,力争今年年底贯通。

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