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30年时间,小囊肿长到癌变

2017-08-22 04:17:10   中国青年网

30年前,偶然之中,杭州余杭区54岁杨大伯摸到了自己头皮上长了一颗黄豆大的小囊肿,挤破后会流出像豆腐渣一样的东西,一直没有消下去。杨大伯想想反正不痛不痒,而且长在头发里也看不到,就没太在意。没想到,小囊肿越长越大,蹭破皮会有血和脓液流出来,还伴随着恶臭味。上月,杨大伯终于忍受不了头上的这个“怪角”,到杭州市一医院集团瓶窑院区外科就诊。外科施仙林主任医师接诊了杨大伯,检查发现,杨大伯头上的肿物差不多有鸡蛋这么大,高出头皮4厘米左右,摸上去硬硬的,看上去的确像长了个犄角。

医生建议手术切除,杨大伯同意了。施仙林和魏晓建医师为杨大伯进行了手术,完整切除了“怪角”,并立即将切除组织送去病理检查。病理报告显示,杨大伯的这个“怪角”为病理增生性外毛根鞘瘤,且部分组织已经发生癌变。杨大伯听后非常后悔:早点到医院检查,就不会发展成这样了。

据施仙林介绍,头皮出现的小肿块大部分是良性的,常见的有脂肪瘤、皮脂腺囊肿、神经纤维瘤、血管瘤、神经鞘瘤等。医生可根据肿块的软硬、活动度、颜色、疼痛度、质地等进行初步判断,并通过B超检查诊断,治疗以观察或者手术切除为主。而有小部分可能是头皮恶性肿瘤,如基底细胞癌、基底鳞状细胞癌、外毛根鞘癌、恶性增殖性毛发瘤、毛母质癌、皮脂腺癌、血管肉瘤、恶性黑素瘤等,可通过病理学检查诊断。

他提醒,很多人会忽视头皮上出现的无症状肿块,只有当肿块出现疼痛、红肿、瘙痒等症状后,才会引起重视。其实,不仅仅是头皮,凡身上无痛的肿块,都潜伏着风险,还是应该尽早就医。 (宓铭芳 王佳丽)

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