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服务经济和知识经济 分别代表当前和未来

2017-08-21 11:21:53   

中国科学院中国现代化研究中心等联合举办的第十五期中国现代化研究论坛近日在京举行。与会专家们围绕服务业现代化的发展趋势和战略选择,各抒己见,并达成部分共识。

首先,2010年以来世界经济处于服务经济时代。世界经济中服务业占比超过70%,服务业劳动力占比超过50%。目前,服务经济代表世界经济的发展潮流,知识经济代表世界经济的发展方向。不同国家经济发展水平不同,70多个国家处于服务经济时代,部分发达国家如荷兰和德国等处于从服务经济向知识经济的转型期,部分发达国家如美国和法国等已经进入知识经济时代。

其次,2015年中国处于向服务经济的转型期,服务业增加值占GDP比例已经超过50%,服务业劳动力比例超过40%,服务业占国民经济的半壁江山;中国知识服务业占GDP比例超过20%,已经超过农业比例。服务经济代表了中国经济的当前潮流,知识经济代表了中国经济的未来方向。

其三,中国政府和学界高度关注服务经济和知识经济的兴起。2007年以来国务院颁布了促进服务业发展的一系列文件,为发展服务业提供了政策指引。2016年中国科学院中国现代化研究中心发布《中国现代化报告2016》,提出了中国服务业现代化的路线图。2017年国家发展改革委员会发布了《服务业创新发展大纲(2017-2025)》,提出了建设服务业强国的实施方案。

其四,目前中国经济面临四大转型。第一是农业转型,从白色机械农业向绿色智慧农业的转型。第二是工业转型,从机械化工业向智能化工业的转型,就是所谓的工业4.0。第三是服务业转型,从劳务型服务业向知识型服务业的转型。第四是经济的总体转型,从工业经济向服务经济和知识经济的转型。

其五,服务经济和服务业现代化,呼唤更多的理论创新和政策创新。建议加大对服务经济和服务业现代化研究的支持力度,建议国家社会科学基金和国家自然科学基金增加对相关研究领域的资助。(关欣)

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