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市政收益债是一项创新之举

2017-08-21 06:11:46   中国青年网

发展项目收益专项债券,是依法开好地方政府融资“前门”的创新之举,体现了地方债管理疏堵结合的思路,有利于保障土地储备、收费公路等重点领域的融资需求,促进地方经济社会可持续发展。作为一项改革探索,项目收益专项债券也必须加强规范,严格按照预算法和地方债一系列规章制度开展试点,特别是强化硬预算约束

在财政部发布试点项目收益专项债券相关文件之后,近期多个省份相继成功发行土地储备、收费公路专项债券,开启发展中国版“市政收益债”的大幕。可以预测,下一步更多种类的项目收益债将会破土而出,这种更加规范化、标准化、透明化的融资方式发展空间巨大。

项目收益与融资自求平衡的地方政府专项债券,也就是中国版“市政收益债”,本质上还是在预算法框架下发展的专项债券品种,但在规模管理、项目要求、发行方式等方面有自身的特点。这种债券和美国市政债券中的“收益债券”类似,美国通过发展与特定项目或税收相联系的收益债券,促进了地方政府履行公共物品配置职能,实现大规模公共投资的代际公平。

当前,我国处在全面建成小康社会的决定性阶段和城镇化深入发展的关键时期,城市基础设施、公共服务设施建设需要较大的资金支持。发展项目收益专项债券,是依法开好地方政府融资“前门”的创新之举,体现了地方债管理疏堵结合的思路,有利于保障土地储备、收费公路等重点领域的融资需求,促进地方经济社会可持续发展。

根据规定,专项债券与项目资产、收益相对应,这有利于防范和化解专项债务风险,合理评估专项债务风险。同时,通过强化信用评级、信息披露、市场化定价等市场机制激励约束作用,能够进一步推进地方债的市场化改革。

与此同时,作为一项改革探索,项目收益专项债券也必须加强规范,严格按照预算法和地方债的一系列规章制度开展试点,特别是强化硬预算约束。比如,在发行规模上,必须严格执行法定限额管理,在国务院批准的本地区专项债务限额内统筹安排。

充分的信息披露也十分重要。地方政府作为发行人,应当及时披露项目收益专项债券及其项目信息,包括专项债券对应的项目概况、项目预期收益和融资平衡方案、专项债券规模和期限、发行计划安排、还本付息等信息,以及项目进度、专项债券资金使用情况等信息。只有保持高透明度,项目收益专项债券才会被市场接受并获得持续发展。

同时,应该强化财政和有关政府部门的协调配合。根据分工,地方财政部门统一办理专项债券发行、还本付息等,行业主管部门、项目单位则应负责做好专项债券发行准备工作,合理评估分类发行专项债券对应项目风险,履行好项目管理责任。项目收益专项债券的特点,决定了只有部门间密切合作,才能实现债券的顺利发行、使用和偿还。

近年来,我国一直高度重视地方政府债务风险防控问题,债务风险总体可控。下一步,应该继续在坚决堵住地方政府违法违规举债融资“后门”的同时,进一步开好规范举债的“前门”,保障重点领域合理融资需求。通过“双管齐下”,既充分发挥地方政府债务的积极作用,又有效防范财政金融风险。

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