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因暴雨遭遇内涝无权要求退回租赁费

2017-08-19 08:16:46   中国青年网

今年春节期间,张某用多年的打工积蓄,租赁了同村农民刘某等人的100多亩承包地,并签订了3年租赁合同,预交了全部租赁费。随后,张某在租赁地上全部种植了水稻。没想到,入秋后连降暴雨,因排水系统不畅致使秧苗全部浸没在水里。考虑到这种情况可能绝产,张某要求解除合同或者由刘某等人退回部分租赁费,但被拒绝。那么,连降暴雨遭遇内涝能否要求解除合同或退回部分租赁费?

农村土地承包法第32条、第33条、第37条规定,通过家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权可以依法采取转包、出租、互换、转让或者其他方式流转。土地承包经营权流转不得改变土地所有权的性质和土地的农业用途。土地承包经营权采取转包、出租、互换、转让或者其他方式流转,当事人双方应当签订书面合同。采取转让方式流转的,应当经发包方同意;采取转包、出租、互换或者其他方式流转的,应当报发包方备案。据此,张某与刘某等人自愿协商签订的土地租赁合同合法有效。而根据我国合同法第60条、第94条规定,当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。因不可抗力致使不能实现合同目的情形的,当事人可以解除合同。遭遇暴雨引发内涝,不属于不可抗力。因此,张某无权解除合同,也无权要求刘某等人退回部分租赁费。

这里需要提醒的是,张某的损失本来是可以通过国家政策性保险解决的。根据国务院《农业保险条例》(下称《条例》)规定,农业生产者在从事种植业和养殖业生产过程中,对遭受自然灾害和意外事故所造成的经济损失可以通过农业生产自然灾害保险获得赔偿。

农业生产自然灾害保险是国家政策性保险,目的是减少自然灾害对农业生产的影响,稳定农民收入,促进农业和农村经济的发展。保险机构包括保险公司和依法设立的农业互助保险等保险组织。农民或者农业生产经营组织投保的农业保险标的属于财政给予保险费补贴范围的,由财政部门按照规定给予保险费补贴。国家鼓励地方政府采取由地方财政给予保险费补贴等措施,支持发展农业保险。

农业生产自然灾害保险按农业种类不同分为种植业保险、养殖业保险和林木保险;按危险性质分为自然灾害损失保险、疾病死亡保险、意外事故损失保险;按保险责任范围不同,可分为基本责任险、综合责任险和一切险。险种包括:农产品保险,生猪保险,牲畜保险,奶牛保险,耕牛保险,山羊保险,养鱼保险,养鹿、养鸭、养鸡等保险,对虾、蚌珍珠等保险,家禽综合保险,水稻、油菜、蔬菜保险,稻麦场、森林火灾保险,烤烟种植、西瓜雹灾、香梨收获、小麦冻害、棉花种植、棉田地膜覆盖雹灾等保险,苹果、鸭梨、烤烟保险,等等。

农业生产自然灾害保险可以由农民、农业生产经营组织自行投保,也可以由农业生产经营组织、村民委员会等单位组织农民投保。保险机构应当按照农业保险合同约定,根据核定的保险标的的损失程度足额支付应赔偿的保险金。保险机构应当在与被保险人达成赔偿协议后10日内,将应赔偿的保险金支付给被保险人。农业生产经营组织、村民委员会等单位组织农民投保的,理赔清单应当由被保险人签字确认,保险机构应当将理赔结果予以公示。

(作者单位:黑龙江省林甸县人民法院)

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