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吃小龙虾真能吃出横纹肌溶解征?

2017-08-19 08:13:12   中国青年网

■本报记者 黄杨子

每年夏季都是吃小龙虾的高峰期,伴随而来的,也不乏“乐极生悲”的故事。上月底,3位白领在沪上某知名网红龙虾店用餐后,次日凌晨出现肌肉酸痛、腹泻、呕吐等症状,后经医生诊断可能为横纹肌溶解综合征。近日,又有2名食客在另一家浦东餐厅就餐后发生类似事件。

据了解,上月底的3位患者在凌晨被紧急送往同济大学附属东方医院治疗。急诊内科医生李秀华回忆,患者自述有肌肉酸痛症状,并提出在此前夜宵刚吃过小龙虾。“对其血样和尿样进行检查后,提示肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶和肌红蛋白值较高,据此判断为横纹肌溶解综合征。”所幸治疗及时,患者症状在当日就基本好转。

如此看来,小龙虾与横纹肌溶解综合征几乎有了脱不开的关系。那么,导致这种疾病的罪魁祸首真的是小龙虾吗?记者就此采访了上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院感染科主任谢青。

“从临床研究来看,并非是小龙虾本身导致的问题,但尚无明确认定,或与生产、运输、清洗、烹饪过程中任何环节有关。”谢青表示,包括坊间传闻的“洗虾粉”,也不能认定其含有致病成分。不过据学界研究,其致病因素是一种对热稳定、溶解于正己烷的非极性毒素,并非活的致病微生物,且有推测表示,可能是某种水中的藻类毒素。同时,谢青也认为,致病与每个个体的基因易感性也有关,需要进一步研究。

由于所有导致横纹肌溶解综合征的小龙虾都是经过煮熟后被食用的,因此不同于许多其他食物中毒,烹饪不能避免其发生。“因此,市民应食用适量、卫生的小龙虾,不要过度追求口感。”

谢青解释了横纹肌溶解综合征的致病机制,“由于肌肉细胞膜被破坏,大量肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶等物质被释放,需要通过肾脏排出体外,但由于肌红蛋白是大分子蛋白,极易堵塞肾小管造成肾功能不全、衰竭,严重者则会导致死亡。”她补充,“除了对肾脏的不良影响外,还可能引发心肌收缩、心衰等,因此不容小觑。”

她同时指出,横纹肌溶解综合征并非只出现在食用小龙虾等水产品后,过度运动、外伤与某些药物都可能导致疾病发生。“因此建议大众在运动时也要适度,不要造成肌肉的过度劳累。”

此外,如降血脂的他汀类药物与抗病毒药物也都可能造成横纹肌溶解综合征,谢青提醒,“若长期需要服用降血脂药物,要做好一个月至三个月的定期复查,通过检查肌酸激酶指标判断,以便及时调整药量及品种。”若出现肌肉酸痛、消瘦、肌力下降等情况,则需尽快就医,在早期进行对症下药的治疗。

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