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身份证信息优化体现社会治理进步

2017-08-19 03:11:26   中国青年网

【光明时评】

今年7月1日起,居民身份证异地受理制度在各地全面启动,公安部已建成失效居民身份证信息系统,实现所有丢失、被盗居民身份证即时失效。此项改革大大压缩了身份证丢失可能给个人带来的风险与成本。

小小身份证,却有大乾坤。1984年4月6日,国务院发布《中华人民共和国居民身份证试行条例》,身份证开始走进百姓生活。今天,身份证含金量远胜30多年前,关于身份证管理制度的改革创新,让群众享有越来越多的获得感。基本上,所有证件的办理都需要出示身份证或以身份证信息为基础。作为居民身份信息的“母证明”,身份证与社会管理水平、公民权利保障息息相关。可以说,围绕身份证的一系列改革、变迁是社会变革和进步的缩影。

在相当长的时间里,丢失身份证都是一件麻烦事,因为丢失的身份证可能被他人冒用,补换身份证必须回原籍公安机关办理。随着社会流动性增强和普遍实名制的到来,这种管理规定意味着使用身份证的成本和风险急剧提升。身份证可异地办理、补换,为其他证件的办理和信息流动打下了基础。在中央力推简政放权,“让信息多跑路、让群众少跑腿”的背景下,身份证管理打破地方行政壁垒与数据壁垒,实现全国“漫游”,不仅提升了身份证使用的便利度和含金量,而且也加快了其他领域的简政放权步伐,推动社会管理与流动社会的无缝对接。

身份证的权威性是通过其唯一性来实现的。但是,信息登记的漏洞和户籍管理的人为因素导致过去出现了“一人多证”的现象,比如大肆利用身份信息管理漏洞的“房姐”“房叔”,不仅损害了身份证的权威性,而且也给诚信社会建设带来了阻力。2014年起,公安部用3年的时间清理整顿户口和身份证信息“错、重、假”问题,对于规范身份信息登记、确保身份证唯一性、实现社会管理公平与精准化,有着重要意义。

与“一人多证”相对应,一些没有身份证的“黑户”也值得关注。这些“黑户”多因过去一些地方将户口登记与政策执行捆绑而造成。这种捆绑违背了户口和身份信息登记的权利属性,也制造了社会管理的真空地带。为此,2016年国务院办公厅发布规定,明确提出进一步完善户口登记政策,禁止设立不符合户口登记规定的任何前置条件,全面解决无户口人员登记户口问题。这项纠偏使得过去生活在阴影之下的“黑户”能够获得身份证、回归社会,围绕身份证的应有公民权利也被激活。

身份证管理的流动化、规范化,既对应着管理制度的创新,也折射出治理思维的转向。在严格的属地管理制度下,身份证最初更多是一种规范性的身份证明,主要为管理服务。但是随着实名制与社保制度的完善,今天很多公共服务与公民权利都是依据居民身份信息来配备的,身份证进一步被还原到权利凭证的本质属性。换言之,这是从单一的管理思维到注重服务的思维的转变。

当然,随着经济社会的发展、群众要求的提高,身份证信息优化、含金量提升需要持续进行。响应简政放权的改革要求,应增加身份证的证明效力以减少不必要证明对人的束缚,一些可有可无的证明或凭身份证就能实现有效证明的证件也应尽快压缩、废除。

(作者:任然)

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